Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 10, No. 1, Ed. 1, Wednesday, January 1, 1845 Page: 1 of 4
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No credit will be given lo any transient ad vertbei under any
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The above terms are rated in specie or its equivalent in l cx-
as or states na.ier.
Tkp. Mnsm-ito Territory. The British Government
has taken formal possession ot the Mosquito rxinguom on
the American continent. The British flag ua houtcd
on the 6lh of July at Blewfield the head quartets of ihe
British Diplomacy under a salute of guns and the hur-
rahs ofthe people. Mr. Walker formerly Colonial Se-
cretary and Chief Judge of Honduras is one of the com-
missioners appointed by an ordinance ofthe late King to
govern the kingdom during the minority ofthe King.
The northern part ofthe kingdom is confided to Admiral
Lowrie a native. The central portion to James S Bell
a Scotchman. The southern to Captain ShepaTd an En-
glishman. The King is lo be taken to Balizeshortly to
be crowned in presence of the Governor of the British
settlements and the Chiefs of the kingdom. Great Bri-
tainiattaches great importance to this portion of the Ame-
rican continent It is fertile salubrious and beautiful
possessing some of ihe largest natural harbors in the world
the Cheriqui Lagoon can hold 1000 ships ofthe line at
aniySr safe ) It has nineteen large rivers some of them
navigable 100 miles from the sea. The port of San Juan
de Nicarauorua is a portiou of this territory. This was
. t . T-r- .L m 1 U..
formerly claimed oy tne rving m person ou me a wrcu uy
a. British sloopTof war and the claim enforced by Colonel
McDonald. This territory will afford the British a safe
retreat and dockyard for their West India fleetsand with
abundant supplies. In case of a war between the United
States and Great Britain this possession might prove a
great detriment to this country. J. S. Bell the Com-
mandant and Sheriff has issued a proclamation regulating
trade with the kingdom from and after the 3 1st of August
1844. particularly the turtle fishing on the coast and keys.
The importance ofthis territory will be enhanced by the
completion ofthe canal of Panama and the Isthmusof Da-
rien. Charleston Courier.
PRESIDENT TYLER'S MESSAGE.
5This document says the iV. O. Jeffersonian Repulli-
lican.is regarded by allthe Northern papers which have
expressed an opinion upon the subject as the best written
of any which have emulated from Mr. Tyler and in this
opinion we concur.1' It occupies six closely printed col-
umns of the Jeffersonian the following extract in rela-
tion to Texas constituting rbout one forth pari of it. The
President says a negotiation has been pending since the
last session of Congress between the Secretary of State
and Her Bjitantsic Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary
resident at Washington relative to the rights of the re-
spective nations in and over the Oregon Territory. The
necessity of establishing military posts at suitable points
in order to insure more safety and facility to the emigra-
tion to Oregon is again recommended. The recommen-
dation ofthe President to take up the subject of Annexa-
tion by joint resolution has already been responded lo by
Mr. McDuffie who introduced a resolution to lhat effect
on the 10th inst. the fate of which will probably again
agitate the two countries with feelings of great anxiety
amid alternate hopes and fears.
EXTRACT FROM PRESIDENT TYLER'S
MESSAGE.
In my last annual message I felt it to be my duty lo
make known to Congress in terms both plain and em-
phatic my opfnions in regard to the war which has so
long existed between Mexico aud Texas; which since the
battle of San Jacinto has consisted altogether of predatory
excursions attended by circumstances revolting to human-
ity. I repeal now what I'lhen said that after 8 years of
feeble and ineffectual efforts to recover Texas it is time
that thewar should have ceased. The United Slates had
a direct interest in the question. The contiguity of the
two nations to our territory was but too well calculated to
involve our peace. Unjust suspicions were engendered
in the mind of one or the other ofthe belligerents against
us; and as a necessary consequence American interests
were made to suffer and our peace became daily endan-
gered. In addition lo which it must have been obvious
to all that the exhaustion produced by the war subjected
both Mexico and Texas to the interference of other pow-
ers which without the interposition ofthis government
might eventuate in the most serious injury to the United
StatestefcThis government from 'time to time exerted its
friendly offices to bring about a termination of hostilities
upon terms honorable to both belligerents. Its efforts in
this behalf proved unavailing. Mexico seemed almost
without an object to perseveie in the war and no other
alternative was left the Executive but to take advantage
ofthe well known dispositions of Texas and to invite her
to enter into a treaty for annexing her territory to that of
the United States
Since your last session Mexico has threatened to re-
new the war and has made or proposes to make formi-
dable preparations for invading' vTexas. She has issued
decrees and proclamations preparatory to the commence
ment of hostilities full of threats revolting lo humanity;
and which if carried into effect would arouse the attention
of all Christendom. This new demonstration of feeling
there is too much reason to believe has been produced in
consequence of the negotiation ofthe late treaty with Tex-
as. The executive therefore could not be indifferent lo
such proceedings and it felt it to be due as well to itself
as to the honor of the country that a strong repres ntation
should be made to the Mexican Government upon the
subject. This was accordingly done as will be seen by
the copy of the accompanying despntch from the Secreta-
ry of State to the United States Envoy at Mexico. Mex-
ico has no right to jeopard the peace ofthe world by urg-
ing any longer a useless and fruitless contest. Such a
condition of things would not be tolerated on theEuiope-
an continent
Why should it be on this? A war of dessolation such
as is now threatened by Mexico cannot be waged without
involving ur peace and tranquility It is idle to belie've
that such a war could be looked upon wih indifference
by our citizens inhabiting adjoining States and our neu-
trality would be violated in despite of all efforts on the
part ofthe government to prevent it. Thp country is set-
tled by emigrants from the United States under invita-
tions held out to them bv Spain and Mexico. Those em-
igrants have left behind them friends and relatives who
would not fail to sympathize with them in their difficul-
ties and who would be led by those sympathies to parti
cipate in their struggles however energetic the action of
government to prevent it. Nor would the numerous and
formidable bands of Indians the most warlike to be found
in My'Jandj.which occupy the extensive regions contig-
HOUSTON
jxuajja" " "f
j uous to the Stales of Arkansas and Missouri and who is
in possession of large tracts of country within the limiiij
of Texas be likely to remain passive. The inclinations
of those numerous tribes lead them invariably lo war when-
ever pretexts exist.
Mexico had no just ground of displeasure against this
Government or people for negotiating the treaty. What
interest of hers was effected by the. treaty? She was de-
spoiled of nothing since Texas is forever lost to her. The
independence of Texas was recognized by several of the
leading Powers of the earth. She was free to treat; free
to adopt her own line of policy; freelo take the cours6
which she believed was best calculated to secure her hap-
piness. Her Government and people dtcided on annexa-
tion to the United States; and the Executive w in the ac-
quisition of such a territory the means of advancing their
permanent happiness and glory. What principle ofcood
j faith then was violated ? What rule of political morals
irampieu uuueriooi oo iar as tvtexico nerselt was con-
cerned the measure should have been regaided bv her as
highly beneficial. Her inability to reconquer Texas had
been exhibited. I repeat by eight now nine years of
fruitless aud ruinous contest. In the mean time Texas
has been growing in population and resource. Emigra-
tion has Cowed into her territory from all parts ofthe
woild in a current which continues to increase strength.
Mexico requires a permanent boundary between that
young Republic and herself. Texas ai no distant day if
she continues seperate and detached from the United States
will inevitably seek to consolidate to her strength by ad-
ding lo her domain the contigious Provinces of Mexico.
The spirit of revolt from the control ofthe Central Gov-
ernment has heretofore manifested itself in some of those
Provinces; and it is fair to infer that they would be in-
clined to take the first favorable opportunity to proclaim
their independence and to form close alliance with Texas.
The war would thus be endless; or if cessation of hostili-
ties should occur they would only endure for a season.
The interests of Mexico therefore could in nothing be bet-
ter consulted than in a peace with ber neighbors which
would result in the establishment of a permanent bouudary.
Upon the ratification ofthe treaty the Executive was
prepared lo treat with her on the most liberal basis.
Hence the boundaries of Texas were left undefined by the
treaty. The Executive proposed to settle these upon
teims that all the world should have pronounced just and
reasonable. iNo negotiation upon that point could have
been undertaken between the United Slates and Mexico
in advance of the ratification oftho treaty. We should
have had no right no power no authority lo have conduct-
ed such a negotiation ; and to have undertaken it would
have been an assumption equally revolting to the pride of
Mexico and Texas and subjecting us to the charge of ar-
rogance; while to have proposed in advance of annexa-
tion to satisfy Mexico for any contingent interest she might
have in Texas would have been to have treated Texas
not as an independent Power but as a-mere dependency
of Mexico. This assuption could not have been acted on
by the Executive without setting atdefianance your own
solemn declaration that the Republic was an independent
Stile. Mexico had it is true threatened war against the
United States in the event the treaty of annexation was rati-
fied. The Executive could not permit itselt to be influ-
enced by this threat. I represented in this the spirit of
our people who are ready to sacrifice much for peace but
nothing to intimidtion. A war under any circumstances
is greatly to be deplored and the United Slates is the last
nation to desire it: but if. as the condition of neace. it ha
ryequired of us to forego the unquestionable right of treat
ing wun an independent power or our own continent
upon matters highly interesting to both and that upon a
naked and unsustnined pretension of claim by a third Pow-
er to control the free will ofthe Power with whom we
treat devoted as we may be to peace and anxious to culti-
vate friendly relations with the whole world the Execu-
tive does na hesitate to say that the people o the United
States would be ready to brave all consequences sooner
then submit to such a condition. But no apprehension of
war was entertained by the Executive; and I must ex-
press frankly the opinion that had the treaty been ratified
by the Senale it would .have been followed by a prompt .
settlement to the entire satisfaction of Mexico of every -malter
in difference between the two countries. Seeing
then that new preparations for hostile invasion of Texan
were about to be adopted by Mexico and that these were?
brought about because Texas has adopted to suggestion-s
ofthe Executive upon the subject of annexation it could
not passively have folded its aims and permitted a wajr
threatened to be accompanied by every act that could ma r.k.
a baibarous age be waged against her because she had
done so.
Other considerations of a controlling character influen -ced
the course of the Executive. The treaty which had
thus been negotiated had failed to receive the ratification
of the Senate. One of the chief objections which wer-e
urged against it was found to consist in the fact that th e
question of annexation had not been submitted to the oi -deal
of public opinion in the United States. However un -tenable
such an objection was esteemed to be in view o f
the unquestionable power ofthe Executive to negotiate the
treaty and the great and lasting interests involved in the
question I felt it to be my duty to submit the whole subjec t
to Congress as the best expounders of popular sentimen.t.
No definite action having been taken on the subject by
Congress the question refered itself directly to the deci-
sion of the States and People. The great popular elec -tion
which has just terminated affordrd the best opportuni-
ty of ascertaining the will ofthe States and the people upon
it. Pending that issue it became the imperative duty of
the Executive to inform Mexico that the question of anneac-
ation was still before the American People and that un-
til their decision was pronounced any serious invasio n
of Texas would be regarded as an attempt to forestall
their judgment and could not be looked upon with indif-
ference lam most happy to inform you that no such an
invasion has taken place and I trust that whatever your
action may be upon it Mexico will see the importance of
deciding ihejnatter by a resort to peaceful expedients ia
preference to those of arms. The decision of the people-
and the States on this great and interesting subject h as?
been decisively manifested. The question of annexati on
has been presented nakedly. to their consideration. Ey
the treaty itself all collateral and incidental issues wbiih
were calculated to divide and distract the public counsi'ls
were carefully avoided. These were left to the wisdo in
ofthe future to determine. It presented I repeat the iso-
Iated question of annexation : and inUhat form it hasbeein
submitted to the ordeal of public sentimi nt. A controlling
majority of the People and a large majority ofthe States
have declared in favor of immediate annexation. Instruc-
tions have thus come up to both branches of Congress
from their respective constituents in terms the most em- "
phatic. It i3 the will of both the People and the States
that Texas shall be annexed to the Union promptly and
immediately. It may be hoped that in carrying into exe-
cution the public will thus declared all collateral issues
may be avoided. Future Legislators can best decide as
to the number of Slates which should be formed out ofthe
territory when ihe time arrived for deciding that question.
So with all others. By the treaty the United States as-
sumed th 2 payment of the debts of Tt xas to an amount not
exceeding ten millions of dollar? to be paid with the ex-
ception of a sum falling short of four hundred thousand
dollars.exclusiv.lv out ofthe pio.-eeds of the sales of her
public lands. We could not with honor take the lands
without assuming the full payment of all encumbrances
upon them.
Nothing has occurred since your last session lo induce
a doubt 'hat the dispositions of Texas emain unaltered.
No intimation of an altered drterminntion on the part of
her government and people has teen furnished to the Ex-
ecutive. She still desin s to throw herself under the pro-
tection of our laws and to partake ofthe blessings of our
federative system; while every American interest would
WEDNESDAY. JANUARY 1
tzw j jsggssyjjj jMatsygngomsaaaa:
' se-3in to require it. The extension of our coastwise and
. toreign traue to an amount aimo&i incalculable tne en
largement of ihe mailed for our manufactures a constant-
ly growing market for our agnculluial productions safe-
ty 'o our frontiers :md additional strength and stability to
th.e Union tiusean: the results which would rapidly de
veJope themselves upon the consummation ofthe measure
of annexation. In such event 1 will net doubt but
that Mexico would find her true interest to consist in meet-
ing the advances ofthis government in a spirit of amity.
Nor do I apprehend any seriouscompliant from any other
quarter; no sufficient ground exists for such complaint.
We should interfere in no respect with the rights of any
other nation. There cannot be gathered from the act any
' design in us to do so wiih iheirpossessions on this continent.
I We have imposed no impediments in the way of such ac-
jquisitions of such territory large and extensive as many
1' of them are as the leading Powers of Europe have made
from time to time in every part ofthe world. We seek
no conqust made by war. No iutrigue will have been re-
' sorted to or acts of" diplomacy essayed to accomplish the
' annexation of Texas. Free and independent herself she
asks to be receivi d into our Union. It is a question for our
own decision whether she shall be receividor not.
The two Governments having already agreed fully
thorough their respective organs on the term of annexation
I would recommend their adoption by Congress in the
form of a joint resolution or act4o be perfected and made
binding on the two countries when adopted in like manner
bv the Government of Texas
Ques:ions growing out ofthe act of disarming a body of
Texian troops under the command of Major Snively by
a n officer in the service ofthe United Slates acting under
t'he orders of our government; and ihe forcible entry into
t 'he custom-house at Bryarly's Landing on Red River by
c ertain citizens ofthe United States and taking away there-
from the goods seized by the collector of customs as for-
feited under the laws of Texas have been adjusted so far
as- the powers ofthe executive extend. The correspond-
ence between the two governments in reference to both
subjects will be found among the accompanying docu-
ments. It contains a full statement of all the facts and
circumstances wiih the views taken on both sides and the
principle on which the questions have been adjusted. It
remains for Congress to make the necessary appropria-
tion to carry the arrangement into effect ; which 1 respect-
fujly recommend.
The following extract from Mr. Calhoun's letter to Mr.
King the American Minister to France dated August 12th
K344 in relation to which and other State papers on the
question of Annexation the N. O. Bulletin thusspeaks:
The first letter in the series of documents is from Mr.
Calhoun to W. Shannon Esq. our Minister to Mexico.
It relates to the non-payment ofthe last instalments ofthe
Mexican indemnity to the Mexican order for the expul-
sion of foreigners from California &c.'to the prohibition
of foreigners from carrying on the retail trade and lo the
proposed invasion of Texas by Mexico. Mr. Shannon is
instructed to protest against the barbarous warfare intended
tr be carred on by Mexico and against any hostile move-
ment toward Texas pending negociations for the reception
oir Texas into this Union. He is directed at the same
time to enter into t.o argument with the Mexican gov-
ernment as to the right ofthe United Stales to Annex
Texas. On that point the Government of the U. States
h'is made up its mind and resolved upon its course. The
subject is beyond discussion. The letter of Mr. S. to the
Mexican Secretary in pursuance of those instructions we
si lall endeavor to find room for to morrow.
Following the letter above alluded to from Calhoun
is a despatch from Mr. Howard the Charge to Texas
enclosing a letter from the Hon. vnson Jones the Texian
Secretary of State communicating the fact that Mexico
was about to resume hostilities against Texas and asking
of the United States the aid that had been promised in such
a contingency. The manner in which Mr. Howard re-
plied may be gathered from ihe letter of Mr. Calhoun to
Mr. H. which we publish and in which allusion is made
to the views taken by the latter of the promise given by
the Administration to exercise the functions ofthis govern-
ment for the protection of Texas pending the question of
Annexation.
Next follows a second dispatch from the Secretary of
of State to Mr. Shannon on the contemplated invasion of
Texas by Mexico and the unusual and barbarous means-
threatened to be used in the prosecution ofthe war.
Succeeding this is a communication from Mr. Calhoun
to A.J. Donaldson Esq the present Charge a" Affaires
to Texas. This letter refers to the instructions to Mr.
D's predecssor touching the aid which his government
may constitutional ly render to Texas in a renewal of the
war by Mexico; it gives directions for restraining by
force of arms any Indians within our borders who may
be stimulated by Mexican emissari.s to make predatory
incursions into Texas. Among other documents stated to
be enclosed is one to be shown if thought proper to Pres-
ident Houston and the Texian Secretary of Slate viz:
a copy of Mr. Calhoun's instructions to Mr. Kino our
Minister at Paris together with a despatch from the latter
giving a conversation with Mr. Guizot (of the French
Cabinet) equally satisfactory as that with the King.
Guizot slated in reply to a question by our Minister that
France had not agreed to unite with England in a protest
against annexation. Appended to this are the military
orders necessary to prevent hostile incursions by Indians
within our limits Bulletin.
Now I hold not only that France can have no interest
in the consummation ofthis grand scheme which England
hopes lo accomplish through Texas if she can defeat the
annexation but lhat her interests and those of all the con-
tinental Powers of Europe are directly and deeply oppos-
ed to it.
It is too late in the day to contend that humanity or phi-
lanthropy is the great object ofthe policy of England in
attempting to abolish African slavery on this continent.
I do not question but humanity may have been one of her
leading motives for the abolition of ihe African slave trade
and that it may have had a considerable influence in abol-
ishing slavery in her West India possessions aided in-
deed by the fallacious calculation that the labor ofthe ne-
groes would be at least as profitable if not more so in
consequence ofthe measure. She acted on the principle
that tropical products can be produced cheaper by free
African labor and E ist India labor than by slave labor-
She .knew full well the value of such product to her com
merce navigation navy manufactures revenue and pow-
er. She was not iunorant lhat the support and the main-
tenance of her political preponderance depended on her
tropical possessions and had no intention of diminishing
their productiveness or any anticipation that such would
be the eiTect when the scheme of abolishing slavery in
her colonial pos&essions was adopted. On the contrary
she calculated to combine philanthropy with profit and
power as is not unusual with fanaticism. Experience
has convinced her ofthe fallacy of her calculations. She
has failed in all her objects. The labor of her negroes
has proved far less piodurtive without affording the con-
solation of having improved their condition.
The experiment Jus turned out to be a costly one. She
expended .nearly one hundred millions of dollars in indem-
nifying tfie owners of the emancipated slaves. It is esti
mated thjit the iucreiscd price paid by the people of Great
Britain fo7 sugar and oilier tropical pioduclions in conse-
quence of the measure is equal to half that sum and that
twice thut amount has been expended in the suppression
ofthe slave trade making together two hundred and
fifty millions of dollars as ihe cost ofthe experiment. In-
stead of realizing her hope the result hos been a disap-
pointment. Her tropical products have fallen offto a vast
amount. Instead of supplying her own wanls and those
of nearly alL Europe with them as formerly sho has
1845.
fT VOL.
now in -some of the most important articles scarcely
enough to supply her own. Wh.it is worse her own col-
onies are actually consuming sugar produced by slave
labor brought direct to England or refined in bond and
exported and sold in her colonies as cheap or cheaper
than they can be produced there while the slave trade
instead of diminishing has been in fact carried on to a
greater extent lhan ever. So disastrous has been the re-
sult that her fixed capital vested in tropical possessions
estimated at the value of nearly Rve hundred millions of
dollars is said to stand on the brink of ruin.
But this is not the worst. While this cosily scheme
has had such ruinous effects on the tropical productions of
Great Britain iShas given a powerful stimulus followed
by a corresponding increase of products to those countries
which have hud the good sense to shun her example.
There has been vested it is estimated by them in the pro-
duction of tropical products since 1808 in fixed capital
nearly four thousand millions of dollars wholly depend-
ent on slave labor. In the same period the value of their
products has been estimatrd to have risen from about seventy-two
millions of dollars annually to nearly two hun-
dred and twenty millions while the whole of the fixed
capital of Great Britain vested in cultivating tropical pro-
ducts both in ihe East and West Indies is estimated at
only about eight hundred and thirty millions of dollars
and" the value ofthe products annually at about fifty mill-
ions of dollars. To present a still more striking view: of
three articles of iropical products sugar coffee and cotton
the British possessions including the West and East
Indies and Mauritius produced in 1842 of sugar only
3993.774 cwt.. while Cuba Brazil and the United States
excluding other countries having tropical possessions
produced 9600.000 cwt.; of coffee the British possessions
produced only 27393003 while Cuba and Brazil produ-
ced 201595125 pounds; and of cotton the British posses-
sions including shipments to China only 137443.446
pounds while the United Slates alone produced 790479-
275 pounds.
The above facts and estimates have ail been drawn from
a British periodical of high standing and authority Black-
wood's Magazine) and are believed to be entitled to credit
This vast increase of capital and production on the part ot
those nations who have continued their former policy
towards the negro race compared with that of Great Brit
ain indicates a corresponding relative increase ofthe means
of commerce navigation manufactures wealth and pow-
er. It is no longer a question ofdoubt that the great source
of the wealth prosperity and power of the more civilized
nations of the temperate zone especially Europe where
the arts have made the greatest advance depends in a great
degree on the exchange of their products with those ofthe
tropical regions. So great has been the advance made in
the arts both chemical and mechanical within the few last
generations that all ihe old civilized nations can with but
a small part of their labor and capital supply their re-
spectiveiwanls which tends to limits within narrrow bounds
the amount of the commerce between them and forces
them all to seek markets in the tropical regions and the
more newly settled portions ofthe globe. Those who can
best succeed in commanding those markets have the best
prospect of outstripping the others in the career of com-
merce navigation manufactures wealth and power.
This is seen and felt by British statesmen and has open-
ed their eyes to the errors which they have committed.
The question now with them is how shall it be counter-
acted 1 What has been done cannot be undone. The. ques-
tion is by what means can Great Britain regain and keep
a superiority in tropical cultivation commerce and influ-
ence? Or shall that be abandoned and other nations be
suffered to acquire the supremacy even to the extent of
supplying British markets to the destruction of the capi-
tal already vested in their production? These are the
questions which now profoundly occupy the attention of
her statesmen and have the greatest influence over her
council's.
In order to regain her superiority she not only seeks to
revive and increase her own capacity to produce tropical
productions but to diminish aud destroy the capacitv of
those who have so far outstripped her in consequence of
her error. In pursuit of the former she has cast her eyes
to her East India possessions to Central and Eastern Af-
rica with the view of establishing colonies there and
even to restore substantially the slave trade itself under
the specious name of transporting free laborers from Afri-
ca to her West India possessions in order if possible to
compete successfully with those who have refused to fol-
low her suicidal policy. But these all afford but uncer-
tain and distant hopes of recovering her lost superiority.
Her main reliance is on the other alternative to cripple
or destroy the productions of her successful rivals. There
is but one way by which it can be done and that is by
abolishing African slavery throughout this continent and
that she openly avows to be the constant object of her poli-
cy and exertions. It matters not how or for what motives
it may be done whether it be by diplomacy influence or
force by secre or open means; and whether the motive
be humane or selfish without regard to manner means
or motive the thing itself should it be accomplished
would put down all rivalry and given her the undisputed
supremacy in supplying her own wants and those of the
restof the world and thereby more than fully retrieve what
she has lost by her errors. It would give her the monopo-
ly of iropical productions which I shall next proceed to
show
What would be the consequence if this object of her
unceasing solicitude and exertions should be effected by
the abolition of negro slavery throughout this continent
some idea may be formed from the immense diminution of
productions as has been shown which has followed aboli-
tion in her West India possessions. But as greatas that has
been it is nothing compared to what would be the effect if
she should succeed in abolishing slavery in the United
States Cuba Brazil and throughout this continent. The
experiment in her awn colonies was made under the most
favorable circumstances. It was brought about gradually
and peaceably by the steady and firm operation ofthe pa-
rent country armed with complete power to prevent or
crush at once all insurrectionary movements on the part
of the negroes and able and disposed to maintain to the
full the political and social ascendency of their former
masters over their former slaves. It is not at all wonder-
ful that the change ofthe relations of master and slave took
place under such circumstances without violence and
bloodshed and th.it order and peace should have been since
preserved. Very different would be the result of aboli
tion should it be effected by her influence and exertions
in the possessions of other countries on this continent and
especially in the United States Cuba and Brazil the
great cultivators of the principal tropical productions of
America. To form a correct conception of what would be
the result with them we must look notlo Jamacia but to
St. Domingo for an example. The change would be
followed by unforgiving hate between the two races and
end in a bloody and deadly struggle between them for the
superiority. One or the other would have to be subjuga-
ted extirpated or expelled and desolation would over-
spread their territories as in St. Domingo from which it
would take centuries to recover. The end would be that
the superiority in cultivating the great tropical staples
would be transferred from them to the British tropical pos-
sessions. They are of vast extent and those-'ond the Cape of
Good Hope possessed of an unlimited amount of labor
standing ready by the aid of British capital to supply the
deficit which would be occasioned by destroying the tropi-
cal productions of the United States Cuba Brazil and
other countries cultivated by slave labor on this continent
so so m as this increased price in consequence would
yield u profit. It is the successful competition of that labor
which keeps the prices of the great tropical staples so low
as to prevent their cultivation with profit iu the possessions
of Great Britain by what she is pleased to call free labor.
If she can destroy its competition she would have a mon
S. WOl-WHOLE NO: 472v
opoly in those productions. She has all the means ol furn-
ishing an unlimited supply: vast and fertile possessions
in both Indies boundless command of capital and iabo'rj
ample power to suppress disturbances and preserve order
diroughout her wide domains. ' ' '
It is unquestionable that she regards the abolitfon of
slavery iu Texas as a step towards this great "object of?
policy so much the aim of her solicitude and exertions
and the defeat ofthe annexation of Texas to our Union as
indispensable to theabolition of slavery there. She is loo4
sagacious not to see what a fatal blo'w it wouldgive to
slavery in the United Slate and how certainly its aboli -tion
with us would abolish it over the whole continent and
thereby give her a monopoly in the pioduclions ofthe areat
iropical staples and the command ofthe commerce navi-
gation and manufacturers ofthe woild with an establish-
ed naval ascendency and political preponderance. To
this continent the blow would be calamitous beyond de
scription. It would destroy in a great measure the cultt
yation and production ofthe great iropical staples amount-
ing annually in value to nearly three hundred millions of
dollars the fund which stimulates and upholds- almost
every other branch of its iudustry commerce navigation'
and manufactuns. The whole by their joint influence
are rapidly spraeding population wealth improvement
and civilization over the whole continent and vivifying by
their overflow the industry of Europe thereby increasing
its population wealth and advancement in "the arts in
power and civilization.
"A Bill has been introduced by Maj. Kaufman.-in
the Senate enacting a code of Arbitration and Award! -The
features ofthis bill vary little from the common law
merely giving the arbitrators the power of summoning
witnesses and forcing their attendance taking 'deposit
tions and making their awards the judgments ofthe court
There is one novelty however in this bill; namely: it
provides that the umpire shall be chosen in the first place
at the time of choosing aibitrators and not after thediffer-
ence between thejirbitrators has manifested itself. Your
reflection will lead you to see at once the wisdom and.
caution of this clause. It wilFgo far to preserve from
corruption the purity of arbitrations. This clause is
enforced by a judgment of nullity whenever it is attempted
to enforce an award wheie the umpire was chosen in the
last place unless the party cast waives the objectionsjJ
Washington Correspondent
Mexico and the Annexation of Texas The following
paragraph is from the Washington correspondence-of the
N. Y. Jour of Commerce usually-an authentic source1
of information. Some of the statements are rather start-
ling. Pic.
It is not the opinion I learn ofthe Secretary of State
that any war can grow out of tne measure the annexa-
tion of Texas should it be consummated. Should the
annexation be effected it will be with the consent of Mex-
ico and with ample indemnity to her. The offer often
millions heretofore made to Santa Anna "was from ail
accounts far from being offensive; but it was deemed by
him and his friends and by the British agents in Mexico
who look to that indemnity as a source from which Brit-
wh debts can be paid as an insufficient sum. Moreover
Santa Anna himself was desirous that provision should be
made in the treaty to indemnify him for hjs personal1
losses and sacrifices incurred by the Texian revolution.- -"
The governm m of Mexico entertain- no serious expec-
tation or design to i-conquer Texas. On the contrary;
it perceives no benefit lhat can be derivfd from a re-union
with a people of different origin language religion and
institutions. Mexico covits the security and border tran-
quillity that she enn alone obtain from the establishment
of a boundary line between her and the United States fbr
which the United States will be responsible. She has
every advantage to expect from such a treaty of peace andJ
boundaries with ihe United States and nothing from war.'
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
December 14.
The Committe on Public Lands to whom was referred
ihe petition of J W Wanhop for land reported by bill for
his relief read 1st time. Mr. Hardin offered a resolu-
tion to go into the election of .Public Printer on the 16th
instant at 4 o'clock laid on table one day. The bill
granting league of land to H. L. Stapp was orderedrtpjf..
be engrossed. Bill for the relief of H R.Green read.-
2d time and referred to committee on Judiciary Bill foT '
the relief of Calwin Someral read 2d time and referred
to committeeon Public Lands. Bill to require the Audi-
tor to audit all duly authenticated claims against the gov
ernment referred to the committee on Finance. On mo-
tion of Mr. Robinson the committee was instructed To as-
certain if the auditor did not already do so Bill for the
relief Capt. Eli Chandler and his company referred to
committee on Indian Affairs. Bill to raise a county
revenuejand for other purposes referred to committeeon
the State of the Republic. Bill to establish a mail route
to Fannin county direct referred to committee on Post
Offices and Post Roads. Bill to legitimatize and change
the name of Mary Jane Dillard Mr. Parker moved to
engross Mr. Cazneau to refer.to committee on the JudL-
ciary carried. Bill for the relief of I. Van Zandt
charge &c with report of the Finance committee came
up. Mr. Robinson moved to lay it on table lost. Mr.
Parker its engrossment: ayes27 noes 9 bill ordered to
be engrossed. Bill for the appointment of additional No-
taries Public in Montgomery county read 2d time and
ordered to be engrossed. Bill to admit books free of duty
read 2d time and on motion of Mr. Henderson referred
to committee on Finance. Mr. Gage introduced a bill
for the benefit of the citizens of the Republic of Texas
read 1st time. Mr. Cazneau introduced a bill directing
the President and Heads of Departments to return to the
Seat of Government read 1st lime. Mr. Ogden intro-
duced a bill for the relief of Henry Casiro granting him
an extention of 3 years' time &c on his colonization con-
tract read 1st time. Mr. Mellican introduced a bill con-
cerning the records of county surveyors read 1st lime.
Mr. Perkins introduced a bill to establish a mail route from
Galveston to Brazoria read 1st lime. Mr. Lewis of
Montgomery introduced a bill to provide for the better
protection ofthe rights of married women read 1st time.
Mr. Williamson introduced a bill authorizing the removal
ofthe Archives and Government property from Austin to
the trrtvn of Washington read 1st time. On motion ofr
Mr. Sutherland Mr. Cazneau was added to the committee
on the State ofthe Republic Mr. Scott introduced a&ill
for the benefit of actual settlers allowing them 12 months
preemption right &c. read 1st time. On motion the
House adjourned.
December 24.
Mr. Cooke of B. presented the petition of James P.
Hudson for making mapofFayelte co. read and laid on
the table. Mr. Scott presented the accounts of Mr. Ste-
vens referred to committee on military affairs. Mr. Mc
Lcod presented the petition of Dr. J. P. Anderson sur-
geon T. M. in relation to his dishonorable discharge
referred to committee on naval affairs. Mr. Wallace
presented the petition of Henry Smith an orphan for
adoption as son of George and Mary West referred to
select commiitee. Reports from Standing committees
received and laid on the table to como up among the orders '
ofthe day. Mr. Bourland offeied a n solution to purchased
300 copies ofthe National Vindicator. ?Ir. Gage moved
to strike out ' Vindicator" and insert "Telegraph" lost.
Question on the adoption of the resolution. The ayes
and noes called for ayes 10 noes 21. Mr. Bourland
introduced a resolution to appoint a committee to examine
into the propriety of reorganizing the Gen'l Land Office.
.Mr. Bourland Henderson Scurry Cunningham and
Erath committee. Mr. Cazneau "mtrodnced a bill'to
continue in force an act for the relief ofthe purchasers of " -lots
in Austin read 1st time. Mr. Cunningham introdu2"
ccd a bill to re-establish mail routes Nos. 5 and 6 read
.SBaJBUfa. rrSHffA Inn - . . o&a-tx &
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Moore, Francis, Jr. Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 10, No. 1, Ed. 1, Wednesday, January 1, 1845, newspaper, January 1, 1845; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth78081/m1/1/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.