Texas Presbyterian. (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 45, Ed. 1, Saturday, January 22, 1848 Page: 1 of 4
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A FAMILY NEWSPAPER. -DEVOTED TO RELIGION v TO MORALITY. TO EDUCATION. TO AGRICULTURE AND TO THE NEWS OF THE DAY.
VOL- 1.
HOUSTON TEXAS SATURDAY JANUARY 22 1848.
NO. 45.
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Zcras Srtfttoterfan.
A Fjinily Newspaper deroieil to Cnihtianlir
loraiiiy to bjucaimn tu science iu Agn cul
ture and io me ainimun oi oxtui ivnotweuge.
Rev. Andrew J. McGowx
Editor & Proprietor.
VERMS
The Texts Psuimuui ill be published on
K UreCaeiupeiUlslieel rubuevandbeialirul
type at !33 per aaaum in advance or 01 at inc h
turalinn of lht- velr.
.Subxjrlpiiom received at any time and ihe pap-
er lo-war.leJ nntil ihe sub-enber orders itsilix:uu-
tlnoaoce and pay up arrearages except al the op
tion ul tbebdltor.
L:n tbroatb the Post-office mou be postpaid
otherwise ther- trill not be attended to.
2 Advertisements ineried al the usaal rrlce
th fttiinr res-rvinz ihe rizht to reieet all adrer
lienienu not deemed compatible with the charac-
ter ottne pootication.
A ?cat Tor the Prcsbylcriau
IX TEXAS
Jjs M. Baker. Esq Cuero. De Wilt co.
A. Jones Clerk. Goazalei
Andrew Neill. Scguin.
Iter .Mr. MfCullougb. Bexar.
E Floyd Fanihorpe'a Grimes county.
Rer. Mr. Neril. Crockett.
James Shtrpc Doughs
Kef. Joho Barnelt Sabioc fcounty.
Charles S ewart.
S. F Dannell. Paris.
Dmi lyre Robertson county.
.VJ-WrCoP"'illons.on.
ThitlJeas C Bell. Columbia.
Rff. Henry Henick NrwBraunMi.
Jimcs PI int. New York
R r. R (). W&tkins Nacolochrs County
Re. J B Hirrw. CberoUer Coupiy.
Dr J B Mdbr Richmond
J. B McFjrMud. E-q . Li Gr mge.
Rev. Messrs T. N. McK-t
Samuel HanJt y.
G S 'IV :n pi ct on
A II V.ilkrr
rrom the Tcl'graj'h.
Trade or Galvesto. We hnd in ihe
Civilian a very Ienglithy article in which the
editor develop j the plans by which the citizen
cf mix fistcr city expect tu re-cuitate their
failing prospects by diverting to their markets
a large portion cf the trade of 1 1 mist on. We
admire the ingenuity of the writer and r -
confess that his argument are o sound that
there is reason to fear they will lie adopt-
ed by the citizen of that place unless some
counter improvements are made here to retain
the trade that we still enjoy. The eslablUh-
tnent.ofa bank at Galveston with a capital of
8300000 has furnished to the citizeus of that
late thriving city ample means to prosecute
the improvements they contemplate. It be-
hooies us to imitate their laudable esample.
and by re-opening the channels of commerce
restore to our lair city this trade that has !ecn
the bourcc of its pro?n?rity. Jf we neglect at
this juncture luimprme the aveuues of trade.
our more enterprising and equally intelligent
neighbors with the advantage of available
capital may divert the trade of our city to such
an extent that four-fold the means we now
hate at our command will not bo sufficient to
repair the injury they may inflict. We have
often alluded to this subject during the Iat two
years and have warned our fellow-citizens
that the efforts that were making by capitalists
at Galveston as well as at Port Li Vaca and
other points would seriously injure our city
unless we could make such improvements as
would render the cost of transportation from
Houston to the interior settlements as cheap
as that from our rival cities. We hare neg.
Jected to provide for the emergency until a
portion and a large portion of our trade has
been diverted from the Upper Colorado and
Guadeloupe to the towns on Matagorda bay ;
and now we have satisfactory evidence that
oar neighbors of Gaheslon will soon open'
avenues to direct the trade of the Brazos and
the Trinity to that city. Let us pursue
during the present year the same policy that
has been pursued during the past season and
.we may find when too late the sources of our
prosperity are irritrieahly cut ofE
Frvmtie Civilian.
TRADE OF TEXAS.
Then is no point in Teaa whose natural advanta-
ge are of so marked ami eotahhsbed a character as to
act competition at defiance. A visit to Houston after
throe yeaa absence has tended to establish in our
nutd thai conviction. In the endeavor to convince out
readers that the assumed position is troe. we disclaim
I1 iutentxm of advancing or retardtaf the interest of
any of the point wuose menu we shall analyze. I o
xcite a spirit of public enterpnze in all and to strip
the troth of the Tarions disftuses watch the compla-
cency seUbhneat or art of rival compeLuoa basinrown
around these favored spots of earth alone sondes in the
present article. JJaUjorda San Lujs Galveston
BoUvar Point llairisbar; Anaboac and last not least
Houston have at ye all. We nay to oar friends in all
and of all these plaree that the breadth of popular
fame rteuo can neither make or unmake- them ; the
le has passed when towns or cities coald bo built np
or polled downby home made or foreign putt or slan-
ders. So they may make np their minds to bear with
commendable phuosophythe truth or falsehood which
ever seem to theut most agreeable in the manufacture
f which we are 'now engaged
Matagorda at the month of the Colorado .river
would ban prominent chum to public attention if the
raft was normaneotly rwnored from the river. Ax a
m it swt cater into la race wnl utwbaUy aeer
wJL .It has for asorieaof years been retrneaduij-v
in iu palmiest days it aecompiHied notliiug and it is
not probable that it wUI undergo n procrMs cf self-re
affection
Man 1a b probably on an average six inches lea
water than Galveston on its bar it is contiguous to the
mala land has a cootl harbor although small : it is
to
13 1-2 miles surveyed from the mouth of the Brazos.
Some effort was made a few Tears since to make it a
pwut of importance ; a number or bouse were built
and a bnd 1650 feet nearly completed to the main
land. It tfliipped in one Tear 3000 bale of cottou. If
me expen Jed capital haa been devoted to me rrectiou
of a rati road from the mouth of the river to San La-
is or in culling a canal from the bayou of Bastrop and
Oyster Creek Into tle Itrazo nrer it in'ght hue
grown side by tide with Galveston. It has inland
communication with all the stream! rutenng nito Gal-
veston Bay throsgh Wert Bay. It i now a fcrrr
swiion.
Galveston as it occupies from it to.ttuu actual
iraao ana probiUe lutnre importance uie niznen pres
ent rank next engages our attention. Wo have an
arerage depth of 11 feet water on the bar through the
season vairiaz from 64 to 1 -t feet full tide. The har
bor although narrow a takiug all tilings into conside-
ration the best in Trxa. It u protected on the north
by Telican reef and at all other points hj the Iland of
Galvextou. A rmrtixufof it has been rubject to oeca-
aioual overflow from the Bay but the filling up of the '
strand at toe cm increases in a.ze will prunauy pro-
trct it iupart fm.n thene ocan!oual and cry terrible
Tjs-lors. Its greatest dtfect a a shipping port io its
cmaied itosinoa. vt Uilo it uv me itrouuce oi neanr
the Iiole of Texas by Buffalo Byon lli San Jacinto
and Tnuitj Hirers emptying into the B)taud t!ie
prvdjce of ihe Brazos Itiver brotiirlit round iu Iiitrrs
by hi; and from the East and Wert by similar con
veyaocrt : w lnle we talk of ferries bndees canals and
raitroads "e laiiguisli and have for a few months been
retrograding for want of convenient communication
with the mam land. A bridge with the mini land
would open to it the wagon trade of the entire rec-
kons of middle Texas. .A canal now in process of
excavation may bing to it the produce or the Urazon
Itiver. Ordinary femes however extenme cannot
in ojr opinion suppJv the want of direct wagau com-
m-inication without n hich we have preeent demonstra
tions that we cannot thrive. Steam Femes alone will
answer.
A larze portion cf the trade of the whole conntrr.
wag-joned to Houston aud through that place it tin Js
us nay trout me merchant otlfoueton.lotac wttanres
of G.iIvetoi and from the warfit enters the t-hijM
pating no trbute to Galveston except tho mere b.t
wharfjgr. Throuch an agent or agents at this point
the merchants of 1 lorn-ton receive on the nharfhu
merchaiidizr ornliip his cotton. Three years m ice
Galvetttoa nas the largest slVrkel in Texas. More
cotton and produce u a- sold here and more goods
pjrcha&cd tian at all the other points iu Texa. Btit
Mice aunexatiu iu coueueuc- of the new direction
taken by the prod JC" of the country GaIvcttou has
lanithed. Il4viu"'ii a measure ceased to export and
import Irom and to Europe the planter hxi no longer
the tifcc.ty of coming to Galveston to transact his
b-i-siurss. The market is not the largest and ts not
cnuveuieut to the mterir. jOn the lower Brazos the
planter nde into Brazona or Columbia and from the
L'ppr Urazos Inuity and Colorado they nde into
Mojtoii. llaate abhor steam. Boilers may burst
on the bay or at sea storms may arise and they inut
leave their horses at Houston if they take steam to
Ga!ielon. ILit'ier than encounter the difficulties in
wav thev submit to higher chants at Houston
Volumoia or Brazoru or they transact Ihcir buineiw
ai pouts su.1 nearer Home.
Out hojo at Gal end on transacts the businw.
(merely a fortrarding one) of the lower Brazo. Ter-
hapi two that of lloiirtou. We gather u portion of
trade irom tne vessis Irom emigrants and a portion from
merchnU of tho country. W forward a part of the
goods detttgned for the irnt and interior; so long as the
city was improujg. we received nomo support from a
home trade but comparatively little from the planters.
It is now proposed io ttay the failing prospects of Gal-
TCtou b) the otablibiitent of Fern boat.
Bolivrr point has a direct communication with the
intenor being ou the main land. It labours under sev-
eral disadvantages which would keep it in the bock
gronud even if it had equal start with Galveston.
Hambirg lies at the nearest point!. to the Brazos
river on BuaKdo Bayou below all difficulties of naviga-
tion. Effort were made some years since to quicken
this potul into material existence ; it failed. We under-
stand that tho present proprietor designs to open the
bars m hich lie between this point and ilarrisburg so as
to admit the ingress aud egress of large vessels direct
to that pojit. Of the feasibility we have nothing to
say.
Houston is at the head of BurTalo Bayou. It is ten
or eleven years old. The Bayou on which it is situated
b so small a to excite the wonder of all strangers how
it can be navigated ; at Houston it h barely pomble at
low tide for a boat to turn. The country immediately
around Houston U generally flat and worthle for
planting purposes. The road in wet seasons miserable.
It is distant about thirty miles from the Brazos at its
nearest point and about forty from Trinity. Vet this
point without a particle of public spirit in its citizens
or scarce a material advantage by the mere force of
accidental circumstance aud the inertia and helpless-
ness of its rivals bas now the lead of all other points
in Texas. Within three years the citizens have erect
edovcr forty brick buildings a convincing proof of it
prosperity.
But whde on all hand as in Galveston yon see proofs
of individual enterprise there i none of public spirit.
jioe years ago it was proposed Io cut on. the points
forming the head of Buffalo Bayju so as to form a ba-
sm in which steamboat might turn ; a work involving
an expense perhaps of five hundred to one thousand
dollar. One of the Mayors of Houston commenced
the work and from some cause which we did not learn
abandoned it. The logs the sunken steamboats the
snags together with the whole wash of Houston are
suffered gradually to fill ap the Bayou and now at
many point there is sacra water enouefa for a steam
boat to pass over where there was formerly from eight
to ten feet.
The etandard of public spirit and enterprise of a com-
munity may be better judged by what is left tin done
than by what is done.
Nu a single avenue in or out of Houston or
Galveston shows foresight or providence.
When the rivers riso and the rains' render
the roads to Houston impassable Galveston
flourishes. When the weather is fine and the
roads arc passable to Houston we languish.
So far not a sustained effort has been made
to establish efficient communication with the
main land. Without such communication two
hundred and filly feet front of Galveston will
he all that is required for the transaction of the
forwarding business of the interior.
There ts one cause wh.cn Dears equally on
all the points of Texas and which all may
alike congratulate themselves ca possessing. Want of
itubhc sunt whicai where is it not nothing can quicken.
leaves Galvostou snd Houstoo with 5000 each of po-
pulation where nature ha left them. The continuing
prosperity of either depends on exertion ; nothiug ha
been dene and probab'y nothing will be done-
chance have all of the incipient catiesv
What
BOOKS FOR THOROUGHFARES.
A traveller in view of the efforts to
supply travellers witt'Aeap Gctitious
and licentious reading and of the little
that is done to counteract tbVir influence
by circulating cUcap Cumli-iu books
suggests that a" sufficient and ctficiMit
number of young colporteurs could be
found among tbo sprightly and pious
lads belonging to the Sabbath Schools
who might be supplied Willi the publi-
cations of thi Tract Society and oiher
simitar works which tlirv could dispone
of at the different steamtMiat landing
aud thoroughfares of the country. Who
will take fbc lead; Am. Ales
THE SECULAR PRESS.
Public sentiment lias become in a
measure changed of late. The religious
cnttTpnzes ol tlic tl.iy Willi their be-
nign rouItsand the condition and pros
pects of the moral world are becoming
known nnd rr.id nf nil mnn tvftn hrv
anv claim to intelligence or philanihro -
py. l'robalily a five times greater
amount ol general religious information
lias been difl"ucd through the secular
pros of this city within the last year
or o titan in any previous year. And
perhaps there is no county town where
the newspaper column would not now
be cheerfully granted for condensed
views ot pas-ing religious events it ju-
diciously furnished by those mot con-
versant withsuchintcfests. A". 1". Cou-
rier J- I-Jnrj.
"GO PREACH MY GOSPEL."
How .' Not indifferently for the in-
terests at stake are too vast to allow it.
Sent out into a world ol sin to rescue
souls from endless ruin; time living
eternity at hand ; death and judgment
drawing near has be a moment to lose .'
Hell ya wn can he temporize I The
spirit of tin- world whispers preach
unfitly preaeh soothingly learnedly el-
oquently ! An echo from the flesh re-
plies mildly soothingly learnedly!
lint God the l!il! conscience reply
Preach with the Holy Spirit sent down
irom heaven" "Not with enticing wortlt
of man's wisdom but in demonstration
of the Spirit and of power."
Preach as dying men to dying men.
Preach each sermon as if on knew it
were the last our lips should utter or
the last sonic poor sinner belore on
should ever hear. Let your souls be
full of e'tcrnity and the "worth of the
deathless spirit. Preach as for your
own lives : antt be sure vjti preach the
cross. All preaching without this is
worthless.
Let the world take knowledge of you
that you have been with Christ and
learned of him. Preach as if jouhad
and the church will no longer slumber
on in false security. Her voice will go
up to heaven as tho voice of many wa-
ters. God will hear her cry he will
come and re ive her throughout all her
borders. Sinners will call aloud for
mercy and lind no peace till they seek
for and obtain it at the foot of the cross.
Zion will rejoice the nations will break
forth into singing and the whole earth
will be vocal with the praises of God.
Will anything short of such preach-
ing suffice f '
From tLe An. Report Am. Bible Soc 11'
Letter from Hoe ice Hu.nt Esq. Agent
of lite American lfivlc Itocicti in letas.
Ronham Fonpin co. )
March 13i 1817. J
Very Dear Brother 1 herewith send
vou a report not of my labors in Texas.
uui gtiu tm auuic iiiruriuuiioii Allien
may be benelicial to tffe good cause in
which we are particularly engaged. 1
will reserve for the close of mylellcr
some remarks in relation to my special
movements in Texas and proceed with
the object before me giving you the part
ticular localities and names of the dif-
ferent counties. First beginning at
Eastern Texm. Counties: 'Fannin
'Gravson. "Colin 'Hunt Dcnton 'La-
mar" 'Hopkins 'Red River Titus
Bowie Cass Rusk Harrison San
Augustine Jasper Newton Sabine
Shelby Panola Upshur-Nacogdochcs
Cherokee Angelina Henderson Smith
Anderson Dallas Houston twenty-
eight counties.
Vest3ex Texas. Matagorda Whar-
ton Colorado 'Austin Fort Bend 'Bra-
zoria Galveston Comal. Guadalupe.
Travis Bastrop Fayette La Vacca
Dewitt Gonzales Brazos Robinson
Leon Lime Stone Navarro Milam
liurlesoh Washington Calhoun Jack-
son Victoria Goliad Refucio San Pa
tricio Nueces Bexar Harris Montgo-
mery Walker Grimes Liberty Polk
Tyler Jefferson thirty-nine counties.
Counties are generally thirty miles
square.
The counties of Fannin Grayson Co
nn iiuiu mm uenton.are ironuer coun-
ties. Lying northwest of them is an im-
mense plain or prairie extending to the
Pacific ocean and the Rocky mountains ;
on this plain is very little timber and
is the abode of only the wild Indian
tribes buffalo and mustang horses.
The counties of Lamar Red River
'-SJBtus Bowie Cass Rusk and Harrison
mostly lay west of Shreevesport La.
and may be reached in the same ar-
rangement with the first mentioned.
The counties of San Augustine Jas-
per. Newton Sabine Shelby Panola
and Upshur are embraced in one Judi-
cial district and may be reached from
Shrcvenort.
The counties of Nacogdoches Cher-
okee Angelina Henderson. Dallas
and Houston extend to about the cen-
tre of Ihe state and maybe reached from
Houston or Shrcveport. These twenty-eight
counties comprise what may be
called eastern Texas though Houston
may be claimed by western.
The other thirty-nine counties men-
tioned arc in Western Texas. In East-
ern Texas the population is sparse but
in most of the counties settlements are
making and towns growing up. The
fW0?1111111"011 no pasil' ascertained as
I DjV
nnd the emisfnnts arc numerous and
shifting to fiud the best locations. The
character of Ihe settlers is diversified
but generally thev are the poorer class
es from the southern nnd western states.
and ol course the state of society is ve-
ry different from most of our old settled
slates. There are hovc er church or-
ganizations in a goodly portion of the
counties but they are in their infancy
nnd without that stability which is so
desirable and necessary to exert that in-
fluence which thev should and might
do. There are quite a large numberof
local preachers of the Episcopal and
Protectant Methodist church and quite
:i number of Cumberland Presbv tcrian
churches and miui-tcrs without any
charge. The cause of Educatien is re-
ceiving increased attention : and schools
of considerable notoriety are in succes-
ful operation iu several counties.
The Sabbath-school cause seems to
be just beginning to excite attention.
and with some one to encourage them.
many of the youth and children might
be brought under its influence and ex
perience its benefits. They need Testa-
ments and libraries very much indeed
as reading matter of all kinds is very
scarce and sought for wiih great inter-
cut (I have given to one school over
Ittiy lrtaments.) I am sure could
those that hae the means know but
half the good contributions for this cause
might do there would be no lack of
means to furnish the youth of Texas
with suitable reading.
Intemperance lajs its blighting hand
heavily upon the population of Texas
but there is a redeeming spirit in the
land ami manv arc brought to pause
and consider their way and conclude
something must be done to stay its de-
structive course. A suitable fearless
judicious temperance agent might be
of incalculable benefit and in my opin-
ion the American Temperance Union
could not serve the cause of temperance
and humanity more beneficially than
by sending a few of their best agents to
Texas. The field is ready to the har-
vest and no benevolent cause can pros-
per as it should until this fountain of
pollution and death is dried up.
ln.somc places the colored population
have religious instruction but general-
ly they are wickedly neglected.
The face of the country is beautiful
being mostly prairie though there is
sufficient timber land upon the streams
to supply the wants of the country for
many years and until forests can be
planted and grow fit for use.
The climate of the upper counties
bordering on the plains is colder and
more variable in the winter than other
portions ofTexas. In summer the south-
east vitul'which blows almost constant-
ly is a great relief to the long days of
the south and the evenings and morn-
ings arc cool and refreshing.
Since the settlement of the country
the general health of the population has
been good for a southern climate.
Chills and fever have prevailedito con-
siderable extent.
The soil is gooc' and produces most
kinds of produce common at the north.
Wheat is a sure crept and of a fair qua-
lity generally. The berry smaller than
northern wheat and weighing from 60
to C5 lbs. per bushel. Lorn and sweet
potatoes grow luxuriantly and cotton
gives a fair yield. The land generally
is poorly cultivated ; was; the same
pains taken in preparing and putting in
the seed as is common at the north it
would show a very different result. It
should be borne in mind that some live
years since most of this- country was a
wilderness inhabited only by the sav-
age and wild beasts and that its inhab-
itants have had much to contend with
hnving'lo be constantly on their guard
and in a position of defence to keep off
the Indians who were murdering fami-
lies and stealing their horses besides
they were in an unsettled and engaged
in a perplexing and unequal contest
with Mexico and at the present manv
of the most able bodied young men are
now away Irom their homes (where
they are much.needed) to fill drafts for
the army. It should be remembered
that die Choctawr nation lies upon the
borders of Texas and near-to and ad
joining the frontier counties; this will
have a demoralizing effect upon them.
The Indians many of them Jiave fine
farms and in good cultivation mostly
worked by slave labor bat a vast pro-
portion of the Cherokees are indolent
and live by hunting and very much
given to intemperance; within fifty
miles from this place is the Armstrong
Missionary station ; one of the teachers
informed mc a few weeks since that the
school was prospering and only two of
the lads would speak a word in their
native tongue .wishing to be like the
white man.
The present is of all times the most
important to benefit Texas. Now while
in this moulding state they should be
started right ; and right religious influ-
ences should be brought to bear upon
all their institutions ; an elevated and
pious consistent ministry should be fur-
nished them. The Bible with its holy
and purifying light should be liberally
scattered through the length and breadth
ol the land Sabbath schools organized
" in cverj- settlement temperance socie-
f tics in every town or hamlet and the
excellent w orks of the American Tract
. Society be scattered broadcast through
J the land.
This would dissipate the thick moral
tlarknes of the !andmore dreadful than
Egyptian darkness It would cause the
holy Sabbath to be reverenced which is
now awfully desecrated and bring up
from the youth of the land a generation
that would be a blessing to the country
nnd a generation that would honor atid
serve (Jod. ...
Hokmx Hot
Agent Anier. B. Soc.
Those marked
Bible societies.
are cmhraced in
APPOINTMENTS
Of the Preachers of the Texas Conference
forth;: year ISIS.
Cohesion District Chaunccy Rich-
ardson P. E.
Galveston James W. Wesson.
Galveston German Mission Henry
P. Young.
Houston Robert II. Belvin.
Houston German Mission Charles
Goldberg.
Houston African Mission Orccneth
Fisher.
Brazoria Isaac G. John.
San Jacinto (to be supplied.)
New WashingtonMission Oscar W.
Addison.
Agent for Sunday School Harvey
II. Allen.
Utttcrsville District Robert Alexan-
der P. E.
Rutcrsvilie JohnW. DeVilbiss.
Washington Homer S. Thrall.
Montgomery Lorenzo D. Bragg.
Huntsville Mcdicus R. T. Outlaw.
Leon Mission Bryant L. Peel.
Austin District Josiah W. Whipple
P.E.
Austin George Rottenstein.
Bastrop (to be supplied.)
Nashville James t. Ferguson.
Franklin John C. Kolbe.
Richland David Rose.
Red Oak Mission George Tittle.
San Antonio District Mordecai Yell
P.E.
San Antonio William Young.
w Seguin Alfred B. F. Kerr.
Gonzales David Thompson.
Goliad Pleasant M. Yell.
Egypt Thomas M. Williams.
Victoria James G. Johnson.
Victoria and Indian Point German
Mission Henry Bauer.
William C. Lewis is transferred to
East Texas Conference and appointed
P. E. of Clarkesville District.
Isaac M. Williams is also transferred
to East Texas Conference.
From the Galretoa Kevs.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The Schools have commenced the
year under the most favorable auspices
numbering about 300 pupils with six
Teachers ; all the contracts with them
have been made with strict reference to
the ability of the Board to comply with
its engagements; the salaries "being
made payable out of the tax of the pre-
sent year when collected.
Rev. James Huckins teacher in the
Male Grammar School salary 9S00 a
year ; Miss C. White teachcrin the Fe-
male Grammar School salary 8400 a
year ; Mr. O. Dalton teacher in the In-
termediate Male School salary S300 a
year ; Miss J. Moore teacher in the Pri-
mary Male School salary WOO a year ;
Mrs. Cochrane teacher in the Pnmary
Female School salary S300 a year; Miss
Emma White teacher in the Primary
School salary WOO.
All the teachers are fully competent
in respect to learning as their exami-
nations have shown. As it regards
zeal and faithfulness those that were
teachers in the schools last year have
satisfied 'the most exacting those that
have now been employed for the first
time give full assurance by their labors
thus iVuylhat.lhey will be equally effi.
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McGown, Andrew J. Texas Presbyterian. (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 1, No. 45, Ed. 1, Saturday, January 22, 1848, newspaper, January 22, 1848; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth80424/m1/1/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.