The Houston Daily Post (Houston, Tex.), Vol. Fourteenth Year, No. 78, Ed. 1, Sunday, June 19, 1898 Page: 1 of 24
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Texas Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Portal to Texas History by the UNT Libraries.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
irt
WT LUMBER GO
BEAUMONT TEXAS
and Circular Sawed
Band
lEaf yellow pine
Hand
k W
our
ttention
Our stock was never better as
irttd than at he present time
Appreciating the condition of
Xs and the low rate of freight
existing thirty davs ago we
Uht largely and secured the
Lyt rate hence are in a posi-
tion to invite the attention of the
closest buyers
ffireen Coffee Stock
especially atti active and well
assorted
fAgex Roasted Coffee
jiutafains its standard quality
despite its low price
Mail us jour orders
I D CLEVELAND CO
Dgines and Boilers
AT
OWARD F SMITHS
Houston Texas
mmim i i i
ft have just unloaded a
larload of
Fresh
Kansas
Eggs
I THE BEST AND C HMI TST
NKWa HOUSI IN TEJiAS
which we an offer
to the trade at very
low prices
T H Thompson Co
For Picnics
Get your wagons and wagon
ettes with good safe horses
ind drivers from
lie Houston Transfer Line
DISINFECT
JME IS WHAT YOU WANT
Call up Phone No 76 Jt
ACATKK < GO
PHONR 007
ARCH L MARSHALL
IRISTINll AND
cuiiLibiiiNa
few BUimiSC
I Q Main St and Preston Av Houston Tex
YEATIIKIl 1NrOKHATlO < V
Cotton Udt lltillctln
Rslnl No atn Max Mtn
tl0o nS r e p T LI >
tea
o
ula g
t iioa >
W Rock ii
nihil 1
l If emery s
J Orleans i
nrnah 1
v t g s
felcgtoa 9
HOM
M
SO
SOM
Sino
SiS
noM
rs
cs
70
72
68
rs
70
CG
lint
fall
06
71
4S
02
In
SB
lb
10
12
12
10
38
TtM > Cott
IlPBlim llnlletln
0n or ne twentyfour hours cnO
lal a m 75m meridian time
tdttra
Wind I
Cbrlstl
Mux Mlo
Temp Temp
SI
SIS2
01
0S7
S7
ft >
w >
jfcnu
ft 2
jhwu
vv 2
HtntariHo
yarrllle
f nr u
J le
yts
rVSont
6oni0
it Mr
< i r
7S
7Ss
05
72
t9
70
76
71
70
hS
61
76
67
72
71
t > l
l6S
70
71
71
72
70
70
67
71
rtat all
00
00
12
00
00a
00
00
00
00
00
00
00T
00
>
00
12
00
01IK
01
00
00
oo
00
00
T
HAY
1 A V S
MAILABLE
EDITION < f
HOUSTON DAILY
BALE
TIES
AND
POULTRY NETTING
Peden Co
Office 1013 Franklin Avetiue
Olllce Phone 170 Warehouse Phone S70
Sheet Iron Work
For Tanks Hollers Etc
Costings anil Machine Work to Order
Hartweli Iron Works
HOUSTON TEXAS
Phone 400 Phone 400
PLUMBING
ELECTRIC WORK
ELECTRIC FANS
Houston Plumbing and Mfg Co
713 Main St Phone 400
Wico M
Wi ntborford 01
Meatus 90 3
76
70
00
00
711 02
Not Included In moana
PrnliMlilMlIC
WnshlnRton Juno 18 Eastern Texas Ialr
orlablo wlndt
Louisiana Generally fair southerly winds
Western Texas and New Mexico Folr ex-
cept showers in eastern portion noutherly
winds
Oklahoma Indian Tc Jtory and Arkansas
Generally fair arlabl finds
Tho Dnkotas ralr urlablo winds becom
ing southerly
M5W iriiit > niMvrnv
Announced in hnnilier of Deputies
lint It Huh HeMcndl
Rome Juno IS In tho chamber of dep-
uties today tho premier MarquH dl Itudlnl
announced that tho mlnlsttj which was
formed only on May 31 had resigned
Amid considerable excitement the Mar
Qiita dl Itudlnl said that otter considering
tho parllamenari situation and In order
nc1 to prejudice a praoe public question
tho ministers lisd placed their reslRnatlous
in tho hand3 of tho king who reserved the
rlpht of decision relative to their accept
ance n remark which was greeted with
murmurs
OontlntliuB tbo marquis said the nilnls
fly would remain In office for tbo present
in orderto Attend to routlno business and
tdftflMtra public ordci Hs > then beggul
tho chamber to suspend lis sitting The
reaucst wns met with cries of No Not
The uremkr added that tho chamber
could confer upon Its president the power
of resummoning tlio deputies when It a
deemed nectssnry to do jo without approv-
ing a vote for a short period Loud dls
scntlnc murmurs followed thli suggestion
Slgnor Vcndemenl republican demanded
that tho sessions contlnuo and oxprcisul
lively regret for the recent victims of the
military government This caused loud
protests from oil sides and the extreme
cheered forth
leftists aroso and frantically
th B r
thTh o president of the chamber who was
loudly cheered protested nga nst Slgnor
Vendemenls remarks and Msjor
the conduct
vote approving
nino moved a
recent unhappy
during the
of tbo ann >
events Applause Slgnor San
tho minister for war
After
MnVsano had mado a speech cuing zing
of the Marquis d
tho request
the ray suspend Its silting
the chamber
that
tudlnl
and the
approved
ting for the present was
uVShfthat tho resignation of the
events
ministry foreshadowed grave
M truth i > run nniORT
Tt Cioner lino V lTl
iunVM iffl XT Veuhons
1
Kew Yor Jun 1 Intervlc
NCWMfthe Cuban Junta In an
report that Maxim
the
todes
tgalnt the Interven
norner was protesting
of nun
tlon of the United States as n lot
eot be Ho said no such letter as that
received bj tho
been
crlbed to Gome has
Junta
roiirtli CliiKH T riistinnxterH
Speclel Dispatch to The Tost
Washington Juno lSrourthrliS
Texas rostmaslers appointed toda C V
Hattan Cooper Delta county Mrs M K
Ljpn Dlantha Tord county Mollle I
nosd Fannin Oollad county Fred Web
her illbon Dallas county J W
Moscow Polk county J K More an
rrattvllle Delta county Mrs M A Mun
lc Thotpe Springs Hood cotintj b M
Tailor Yale Tranklln county
1MW WWW1 I
Cheap Rates
Via The International Route
Nashville Tenn and Return 1940
Tickets on sale July 1 2 and 3
Washington D C and Return 3830
Tickets on salo July I 3 and 1 r
Bu alo N Y and Return 3825
Tickets on sale July 10 and U
Take the Cool Northern Rout The I G N JFast Mail
Train gives the quickest time and best service
0 D HUNTER
Uiy Passenger Azent
217 Main Street
SANTIAGO TROOPS
Shatters Army Expected to Arrive
at Its Destination Today
SOME TIME BEFORE ACTION CAN OCCUR
General Garcia Is to Use His Cubans in Aiding the
Landing of the Troops
HE WILL HARASS THE SPANIARDS AND KEEP THEAl BUSY
Shnftcr Will at Once Consult With Admiral Sampson to Find Out
What Has Been Done Toward Making His Army at Once
Effective Cubans Were Instructed to Select
Points of Vantage for Mounting Big Guns
Special Dlsrnteh tp tho New York Herald
London Times and The Houston Post
Cop righted ISIS by James Gordon Hen
nett
Washington June IS Within tho ne t
twentfour hours It Is expected that tho
transports eonvcjlng General Shnflers
army will hive appeared oft Santiago do
Cuba It Is thought by some who ought to
know that the hulk of the army may lond
at Ilulqulrl olght miles from Santiago
and connected with that city by n narrow
gauge railroad and a road for horses H In
In accordance with tho expressed plans of
General Miles as communicated to Gen-
eral Garcia that commanding points should
bavo been selected beforehand back of
Santiago whero the guns may be mounted
to protect tho first army Invading tho city
Some time will necessarily olnpsc In tbo
preliminary conference which will as soon
as General Shatter arrives take place be-
tween him and Admiral Sampson
Tho result of this conferonce tt Is
thought will result In tbo landing of a
portion of the troops In Guantanamo bay
where there are aocotnmodatlons for four
transports to unload at one time
Tho optimistic view Is that not more than
twentjfour hours will be consumed In
establishing a Imso ashore but a United
States officer said to mo today that tho
work could not bo completed in loss than
thrco davs
Special Cable Dispatch to the New York Her-
ald London Times and Tho Houston Post
Copv righted 1SS by James Gordon Ilen
nett
Cn Board tho Now York Heralds Dis-
patch Boat Sommers N Smith oft San-
tiago Juno 18 via Port Antonio Juno 18
Tho ttoops had not arrived when the Smith
left Santiago They woro expected hourly
It was reported on tho flagship this
morning tint General Tcraz commanding
the Cubans at GuanUinamo had hanged a
Spanish spy on whom a letter was found
telling of tho condition of tho defenses
and tha results of American bpmbard
ments
Today tho Yankee went to a point halt
way between Santiago and Guantanamo
to carry f00 Cubans encamped there living
the Cuban flag General Pcrnz boarded tho
Marblchead yesterday and the Cuban flag
was saluted by Commander MoCalla This
Is the first time it has been rccognlzod by
tbo Americans officially
Ensign Nelson of tho New Orleans bai
been suspended for the day for tho purpoto
of controlling tho too ambitious spirit of
tho jottnger officers He went in shoro with
bunches to recolnnolttr and landed in
spite of orders
Sampson is standing close In shore at
prcs nt Tho Spanish arc repairing tho
batteries during the night The outer de-
fenses are still capable of conslderablo re-
sistance and the task of taking the city Is
growing harder dally AH have confidence
In Sampson and hope troops will be la
possession of Santiago within fortyeight
hours after their arrival
Washington Juno 18 For he moment
the landing of General Shatters army of
invasion on Cuban eolr Is the subject of
Interest In army and navy circles
Despite conflicting rerorls It Is stited
with deflnlteness by high officials that the
big transport procession has been moved
eastward around Cape Masi and not by
tho western route Tha routo taken b ex-
pected to bring the troops to tho place of
debarkation by tomorrow unless eome un-
foreseen delay has occurred and the ar-
rival may be before that
The specific Instructions selt by General
Miles to Garcia covered In d atl the land-
ing of tho American forces Garcia was to
harass and engage the Spanish bands and
see that reinforcements were not sent to
Santiago and the points where tba Amer-
ican troops wero landed
The landing proper it Is caJculated will
fur
IWBVip
FOURTEENTH YEAliNO 73 HOUSTON TEXAS SOXDTTjnH I5 i i
A SpiMilnh Irnjrr
Special Cable Dispatch to the New
York Herald London Times and
The Houston Iont Copyrighted
l S Iij James tlonlon llennttL
Hatana Juno 1 At tho Inaulnr
rahlnel meVtlnR jeMcrdij Sonor
Oahea finished n ipeeeh Tllh ttierd
norda May thn heaienl > > ault
ulnk and hury all the Inltcd Plates
In an ahss before thn solo ot an
American Itnoilor altall tread this
Spnnlnh land
ATMIUI C MAIlS IMKirr
llrportril at Mnilrlil Hint ll > llrntltin
tloll the rlilllMilnc
Madrid Jitnp IS 6 p m U Is oonfldontly
belleoil hero tonight tint Admiral Cim
flras fleet In going to OtantTrt nnd that thi
mtij prevent tho dlu ttfr ot American
troops there and it leant postpone tho loss
of tho lhlllpptnei
PRICE 5 CENTS
CADIZ FLEET HAS DIVIDED
Eleven of the Vessels Have Passed Gibraltar but
Five Others Have Not Shown Up Yet
Mol
Special Cable Dispatch to the Now York Henld London Times and Tl e Houston Po L Copyright ISIS by James Gordon Ilennett
Gibraltar Saturday Juno have obtained tho following Information respecting tho movement of Admiral Cnmarat
squadron it completes Indeed corrects cerliln dttails of tho message sent jenterdav Iho Cadi find ttalleil thence nt
5 oclock jesterduy nfternoon hi an easterly direction It Is composed ot tho Ptlajo Carlos V Itnjddo Puttlnta Audaz
Osado Prospermia Colon Alfonno II Girnldi Prclngo Covadcgn Antonio Lopez lslo do Panaja Huhioh Ares and San
Francisco Tho minister ot marine Is aboiird tho Preltga
Tho first eleven of tho foregoing iwseed hire ut 5 oclock this morning and nrc going to Cartngctu for orders It Is
not known where tho ether live are
Alt tho auxiliary cruisers except the Hapldo Patrlota and Iluenon Ayrcs have tho ruiib removed and tlulr naval crows
replaced b former merchant service and crew Jfi
Tho Antonio Lopez ts loaded cntlrel with ammunition Tho llucnos Ayrea has a regiment of Infantry nlionrd and tho
Isla do Panavo another Tho San Franelseo has a regiment of umilnts Tho other auxiliary cruisers carry 10000 Ions
of coal and abundant provisions
Th btenmer San Augustln has been released Sho stilled heneo at midday for Cadiz ostensibly Tho Spmlsh gov-
ernment gunrantecd that her coal was for commercial purposes only
Tho Alfonso XIII and Vlttorla remain nt Cadiz as guaidshlps Neltbtr Is formidable llolh nre defective
It Is rciK > nod trom Cadiz that more Oovxuan ships bavo litCn pirn > iod by W government mud ato lo Join the dcot
elsewhere
i
take at least ten or twelve hours after the
army engineers bavo done their work
Tho officials havo not evon calculated on
a failure to work the pontoon pier and they
are prepared for a landing through tho
surf If nectfisary although this is not
anticipated Tho beach Is low and sandy
shallow far out and Is therefore well cal-
culated for such a landing
PEACE IS DEMANDED
SWSttll SIKHCHAMS SAY 1 UK WAR
IS roOMHH AM HUI > OLS
The tloiernnirnl OiKrin Sn > > lnnrr
In AriMUNiir < Comltirt tho War
null lint Muni Cant llr Cot
Special Cable Dispatch to thn New York Her-
ald London limes and Thn Houston Post
Cop > righted IMS b James Gordon Uiti
nctt
Madrid Juno 18 An allocution to tho
government by the powerful council gen-
eral of Catalonia which represents the mer-
cantile Intelligence of Spain ailing for
peace has created a deep Impression here
all tho mcro on account of tho logical and
praetlcal reasonings with which the council
advocated a cessation of hostilities
It states that although tho council con
slders tho Americans conduct unqualifiedly
unjust jet that dues not Justify Spain In
continuing an unequal combat which Is
bound to result In ruin
It Is bolter Ilea s to submit to am-
putation painful though It be than to
carry on a terrible war with Us thousands
of dlfasters Tho matter wilt not bo any-
more glorious after wo have been ruined
and tha blood ot thousands of our soldiers
shed
Tho allocution ends up with a call for Im-
mediate peace
Sensible people see In this the opening
of proposals for peace for If war aoutrance
U tc bo continued nono tan gutei what
mlrerable complications may follow Tbo
Catslcnlan allocution may mean the begin
nine of tho end In the best Interests of
Spain
Tho endless objections raised in tbo eortej
to the taxation necessary for tho continua-
tion of the war Is pregnantly met by tie
government organ EI bla It says
The country neither asked for cor
wants war It undersrandi neither its
origin nor It Issue and on that account
showj neither enthusiasm ot any kind nor
on that account does it respond Iby Its nt
tltude to tho responsibilities wjilch tho bII
tntloo Imposes upon tho government It
require sarrlflooj which would willingly
bo accepted under other ercuniBUuees
With suili a hontlmcnt existing It Is Im-
possible to ask the government to ptolong
a wnr for which the country does not heem
Inclined to provide tho necessary resources
Without money wo enn not have war
Tho Ipwa with seriousness nbovo ques-
tion says In our opinion 131 Dla rcdojla
with thorough exactltudo thn position of
tho government Tho Ilpoca cm not un-
derstand how tho government can vacillate
as to which course to lake It fays
There can be but Httlo doubt according
to tho consensus of matured opinions
which have been gathered that peaco ot
tho prceont moment when tho ontlto
world gives full recognition < o Spanish
valor and bravery Is wholly opportune un-
der the circumstances which may not bo
so good again
Madrid June IB 10 a m Tfio SpinUlt
papers today publlshd a minltcito In
favor of peace Tho manifesto U signed by
thlrtflvo nswoclatlons and eighteen local
newspapers It Fays tho present evils aro
duo to tbo existing rtglme which is noth-
ing but a government of disorder and neg-
lect
After recalling the fact that the Spanish
monarchs havo lost possesion It says
The United States government Is guilty
of unjustlflablo aggression but if the war
is prolonged Spain will bo completely
ruined A painful amputation Is a hundrol
fold preferable to a terrible and disastrous
war and any transaction eventually made
will not tx > more honorable after the coun
try is ruined the blood of her valued sol-
diers shed end starvation has ravaged a
majority of the worklnginens homes
The manifesto then depicts tha grievous
Internal situation and says Spain asla
Immediate peace despite tfie opposition ot
those who desire tho utter destruction of
i
the country In order to Impose their dom-
ination on Its ruin Tho sooner peace Is
concluded the mqro advantageous tt will
be It is the duty of everybody to endeavor
to force the government to obtain peace
The document concludes by predicting
unless a speedy peace Is secured a com-
plete internal collapse which will engulf
economic prosperity and political organ-
ization and launch the country Into a tate
of anarchy or arbitrary despotism
QUANTANAMO BOMBARDED
The American Vessels Threw iMtin >
Shells Into the Town
MUCH DAMAGE WAS DONE BY TIIIM
I lie lein Wn One of tlir Wnmliliin
iiilfitK < < l In llic Affnlr Siiin
Iiiril Shut
Special Cablo Dispatch to thn Now York Her-
ald London Hints and Iliu Houston Pout
ropyrtglilid 1808 by James Gordon Den
nett
Kingston Jamaica June 18 Tbo forts
nt Guantanamo were bombarded and de-
stroyed by tho Texas Mnrblchtrid and
Suwaueo yesterday The action wan most
successful
Tho vcEsela navigated the difficult chan-
nel and opened lire nt 2 oclock
Tho forla wtro shot to plceoj
Thrco forts lay behind a randy wooded
key which partially masked them
The guns ot tho ships had been laid bo
that their projectiles Just skimmed tho
top of tho key requiring tho utmoit ac-
curacy
I he first rounds struck tho bunds ex-
cluding pitnuilurely 100 yards Irom the
ships digging hugo trenches and givnii
an Idea or tho terrific effect
Tbu Bhclls nlion they struck tho forts
roof tent up a big cloud of du t llko a
balloon
Tho Texas heavy guno opine 1 with tro
incndoiu oflect One shell struck tho ma-
sonry wall outside tho Inelosure Jt must
have killed or dUablcd every ono near tho
spotTho
Tho Spanlardn made a fccblo reply for a
few mlnutw while tho chips were Hotting
tho range1
After tho Tolas first shell landed In
the fort no moro shots were fired trom tbo
fortNone
None ot tho Spanish shells struck the
ships Only five wero fired altogether
The first two projectiles struck closo to
thn Alarblehead one fell bctwreu the
Marblehead and Texas The last three
went wild
The nerves of tho Spanish gunners Were
evidently much shaken by tbo accuracy cf
tbo American iflre They laid their guns
badly and in a few minutes ran out of the
fort and disappeared
Tho remainder of tho action was merely
praotlce Tho Spanish fan go was found
to be bad and for moro ttnn halt an hour
tho Texas Marblchead and Buwanee
leisurely shivered tho fort to pieces Shell
after shell plunged into the building lit-
erally smashing them to pieces Nothing
remained but a shattered shell
Toward the end of the action the Mar
blchead throw a few shells into the town
of Guantanamo
It was impossible to see tbo damaka
An exciting Incident occurred on the wtr
down the bay A contact mine loosened
by the screws floated to the surface be-
tween the Marblehtad and Buwanee la the
traok of tha Sommers N Smith which wa
following the ships
Captain McCalla signalled the danger
and the ships escaped A launch whlak
i J
TI JSouthweste > nTetefrtpli M
PHILIPPINglSLANDS
3
Are To Be Proclaimed a Possession
> f the United States
Advices from Cubt say iencral llnarts
Is confident the rainy aeason will htnillciip
Amcricins nm lut expieiies tho belief Insurgents Arc Said to Desire to Form a Republic but Mcrritt Will
that the latter will when united wllh tho
Cuban march alonp tho Inso ot the moun-
tains whero there are tvnds Umdlns to
Santiago do Cubi while the American fleet
t 111 attKl tho fortifications at tho en-
trance of the toy
AS SOON AS MANILA HAS BEEN TAKEN
Admiral Is Watching the Germans Closely to Pre-
vent Trouble
HAY TRY TO STIR UP NATIVES AGAINST US
Govern the Islands as Under the Protection of the United
States Which Hay Give Williams Emissaries a
Chance to Create Considerable Friction
Washington June IS It Is tho determi-
nation nf the Insurgents nf the Philippines
lo form n rcpubilr As stated In tho New
York Hiraid this motnlug the authorities
eeo tho prospect of a new complication
ailaltig out of tho Amcrlcin possession ot-
a vvlillo clepbint
Up to the present It can bo stnted on
authority that Agulnnldo tho Insurgent
loader nnd thn men under his command
httvo aciupulously observed the Instruo
tlons given them by Hear Admiral Dewey
In rcfltrnltilng the Insurgents Hear Ad-
miral Dowcy Is guided by a desire to
avoid giving tho Germans any opportunity
to send it strong force of blue Jackets and
murines from their warships This might
bti done should thn Insurgents capture
tho city on he plea that Gcrmin subjects
nnd German interests wero In need of
protection
Tho Philippines will bo proclaimed as a
military possession ot tho United States as
noon its Mnnlla Is taken and thn back-
bone of Sptins military power lu the Far
JJaBt In thus broken
Whether the Insurgents form a republlo
or not the nffnlrs of the island will be
milt Inslored by Mujdi General Meirltt M
mlllUry governor
It believed In offlclfil circle that th
Germans It they sen any jraln to tliem
sclvoii will attempt to stir up tbo insure
gents agnlnst tho Americans It Is possi-
ble therefore that a i lash miy occur
between tho natives nud General Merrltt
should ho establish n republic and at-
tempt to administer Ilia affairs of the
Island
went btck to pick up the mine wns fired
on by potdlcra In tho undergrowth Tho
launih replied with a anopoundor
Thn correspondents and crow on the
Smith opened a vigorous ftro Tho 8ii
wanct runic back to tho uaslstnnco ot tho
launch and tho newspaper representa
tives The woodn wero shelled from tho
fourInch tnachlno guns
No ono was Injured
Thn shelling wns atllt going on when I
left to dispatch this message
Tho launch destrivcd tho mine
This fvtilng tho Suwnnco goes to Guan-
tanamo to enpttno or destroy tho Spanish
gunboat Cordoval hiding near tho town
It J Mcllugh
YI3I10W KI3VI3R
I he Ofllilnl ItriiiulK Continue to lis
IliiiKMirliiK
Washington Juno IS Official dispatches r
girdlnt tho yellow fovcr situation received at
tho murine hospital stvIco contlnuo reassur-
ing Thero nro no now rases anywhere S o
rotary AlBcr had a brlot consultation with tho
president tonight on tho outlook ot the land
Inrf of the expedition at Santiago
At Its eonclUBlo > be announced tftcro were no
offlclat dlsputchcs and no important develop-
ments In tbo war situation Ho was expect-
ing to bo notified ot tbo reestabllshment ot
cobbi communication wllh that quarter by
means of lints running Into other cable tsta
tleus
Mr lurk lloncll Drail
Atlanta a June 18Mrs Hattlo Bar
rett Howell wife of Mr Clark Howell ed-
itor of the Atlsnla Constitution died at
tho Howell resldenou In this cfty late to-
night Sho bad been ctll but six day
Ibe Royal Is tke highest grade ballag powaer
ksewn Actual tots skew It aaes oaa
third fBrtaw thee amy ther bras
mxd
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Matching Search Results
View three places within this issue that match your search.Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
The Houston Daily Post (Houston, Tex.), Vol. Fourteenth Year, No. 78, Ed. 1, Sunday, June 19, 1898, newspaper, June 19, 1898; Houston, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth82922/m1/1/?q=technical+manual: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .