The Lampasas Daily Leader. (Lampasas, Tex.), Vol. 14, No. 20, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 29, 1917 Page: 3 of 4
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THE LAMPASAS DAILY LEADER
HANDY FUMISATINGBIN B0ARD GATE ls nonsagging
Simple Form of House Is Easy
of Construction.
£reat Care Must Be Used in Arrang-
ing Doors and Windows—Con-
crete Is Favored for Erecting
Permanent Structure.
A simple form of fumigating house
may be made of 2 by 4 spruce, over
which any cheap boarding may be
used, provided it is free from knots
and tongued and grooved so that the
boards may be tightly fitted together.
Shiplap is not desirable. The build-
ing is rendered air-tight by tarred
paper and laths, or better still, by a
lining of rubber roofing. Great care
is necessary in constructing the door
and windows. These should be at
least three layers of board thick and
should be possible to open the win-
dow as well as the door from the out-
side so that the building may be quick-
ly aired after being used for fumigat-
ing purposes.
A more permanent structure and
one adapted to a wider range of uses
may be made of concrete. It is best
to equip such a cellar with ventilators
so that it may be used for the storage
of fruits and vegetables. These ven-
tilators should, of course, be so ar-
ranged that they may be tightly closed
when it is desired to use the cellar
for fumigating. The most popular size
of the average farm is a cellar 10 by
14 feet ‘nside measurements,"with a
self-supporting arched roof 5 feet
above the floor at the sides and 7
feet 8 inches in the center. All of
the side walls are 8 inches thick,
therefore dig the hole 11 feet 4 inches
by 15 feet 4 inches and to the depth
desired, usually 5 feet, at one end
cut out the earth to a width of 4 feet
4 inches and slope it upward for 7
concrete steps with a rise of 8 inches
and a tread of 10 inches, and for a
thickness of 4 inches of concrete back
of the steps proper, arrange for an 1S-
fnch landing at the bottom of the
stair. Make the side wall forms of
i-inch siding on 2 by 4 uprights,
spaced ^ feet. As the concrete floor
will be 4 inches thick, set up the
forms on 4-inch concrete bricks. Above
ground level use outside forms similar
to the inside. At the entrance end to
provide for a doorway, set between
the forms a frame of 2-inch by 8-
Inch stuff, 3 by 7 feet in the clear.
Mix the concrete one part Portland
1 Most Improved Method 'bf Placing
1 Braces Is Shown in Illustration
Tried With Success.
The usual method of bracing a gate
built up of boards is to fasten horizon-
tal cleats across it, one near the top
and another near the bottom, and a
third diagonally between them, form-
ing a Z-shape, writes C. F. J. Charliss
of Houston, Tex., in Popular Mechan-
ics Magazine. This is often unsatis-
factory in that the gate sags easily by
strain in use, as well as from its own
weight. A better method of disposing
(he braces is shown in the sketch. This
was tried out with success, the gate
withstanding unusual strain. The
Ip
Nonsagging Gate.
lower brace is placed horizontally
across the boards and well nailed.
The upper brace extends diagonally
downward and is notched into an in-
termediate brace, which in turn is
notched into the lower one. The hinges
are fastened to the edge, at the left
of the sketch.
Concrete Fumigating House.
cement to four parts bank-run gravel,
or one part cement to two parts sand,
to four parts crushed rock. A sack
of cement equals one cubic foot.
Ventilation should be provided.
While building the wall make one or
more air shafts (similar to a chimney
Hue) of 3-inch tile, by imbedding them
in the concrete wall, with an open-
mg inside at floor level and another
>utside, well above ground line. By
:his arrangement fresh air is admit-
ted. Place a tile chimney in the con-
crete roof and cover it with a gal-
vanized iron hood for removing the
foul air.
How to Redeem Soil.
Soil that becomes saturated with the
refuse from the poultry should be
plowed up and sowed to barley. Such
a method serves two purposes, puri-
fying the runways and obtaining greens
for the birds. The ideal time for do-
ing this is after a good rain.
Critical Period With Poults.
The critical period in the young tur-
key is generally at an end when six
weeks of age. Inbreeding, lice, damp-
ness and improper food are the main
causes for great mortality.
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SUGAR BEETS AND MANGELS
Tend to Increase Milk When Fed to
Dairy Cows—Corn Silage Is Far
More Economical.
Sugar beets and mangels, tend to in-
crease milk production when fed to
dairy cows, but experiments'” conduct-
ed at the Ohio experiment station
show that corn silage is far more
economical. Because of this fact these
dairy experts do not advise the feed-
ing of beets except for high records
where cost is a minor consideration,
or where the number of cows is too
small to permit the use of a silo.
Cows fed beets had keen appetites
and ate more feed because of the
stimulating effects of this root crop.
After ten years’ work the Ohio station
has found that two pounds of dry mat-
ter can be produced in the form of
silage at less cost than one pound in
the form of beets. Convenience in
feeding is in favor of silage.
RADISHES ARE EASY TO GROW
Quickest of Garden Crops—Water Sup-
ply Is Essential for Vegetables
of Fine Quality.
Radishes are probably the quickest
and most easily grown of garden crops,
They need a good supply of moisture
to make fine quality. Generally rad-
ishes are used as a companion crop
.With slower growing plants. They re-
quire little cultivation and are ready
for market in a few weeks. Marketing
is the important consideration with
radishes, more so than the winter root
crops which can be stored in cellars
or vegetable pits and sold or used over
a long period of time.
SEEK HIGH-PRODUCING HENS
Fowls Must Have Strong Constitu-
tional Vigor—Quality Necessary
for Increased Profits.
The high-producing hen must have
strong constitutional vigor, and in se-
lecting fowls for the breeding pen,
If this precaution is taken, one step
will be made toward breeding for in
creased production.
Shed for Implements.
A long shed not more.than 18 feet
Wide, provided with continuous doors
along one side, is more convenient for
removing Implements than a wider
building.
Type Not All.
The type of the breeder has more
!o do with egg production than the
:ype of the hen. In other words, breed-
er type counts for more than breed
type.
Good Harness Hangers.
Crotches or conveniently shaped
ilckory limbs cut in proper lengths and
Sailed up against the wall, make good
harness hangers.
Get More Out of Soil.
To know how to get more out of the
soil, if It is thoroughly studied, will
help us to get more out of life.
NOT SATISFACTORY FOR COW
Corn Fodder and Timothy Hay Not
Recommended as Roughage—Both
Are Low In Protein.
Corn fodder and timothy hay do not
make a satisfactory roughage ration
for dairy cows. Both are very low In
protein and consequently when used,
must be supplemented with a grain
mixture rich In protein.
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n§.33
PLAN SHOWING HOW CONCRETE CISTERN IS MADE.
The following article and illustra-
tions describe in detail the best meth-
od of building a concrete cistern:
Make a circular excavation 1G inches
wider than the desired diameter of the
cistern, or allow for a wall two-thirds
the thickness of a brick wall that
would be used for the same purpose,
and from 14 feet to 16 feet deep. Make
a cylindrical inner form. (See Circu-
lar Form) the outside diameter of
which shall be the diameter of the
cistern. The form should A about 9
feet long for a 14-foot hole, fffd 11 feet
long for' one 16 feet deep. Saw the
for m 1 en —L
convenience in handling. Lower the
sections into the cistern and there
unite them to form a circle (Fig. No.
33), blocking up at intervals 6 inches
above the bottom of excavation.
(Withdraw blocking after filling in
spaces between with concrete and then
fill holes left by blocicing with rich
mortar.)
Making Concrete.
Make concrete of one part Portland
cement, two parts clean, coarse sand,
and four parts broken stone or gravel.
Mix just soft ehdU^iTo~^TmTr^Eil^ in
space between the'form and the eai*Hh-J>
with concrete, and puddle it to prevent
the formation of stone pockets, using
a long scantling for the purpose, and
also a long-handled paddle for working
between the concrete and the form.
To construct the dome without using
an expensive form, proceed as follows:
Across top of the form build a floor,
leaving a hole in the center two feet
square. (Fig. No. 34.) Brace this
floor well with wooden posts resting on
the bottom of the cistern. Around the
edges of hole, and resting on the floor
described, construct a vertical form
extending up to the level of the
ground.
Build a cone-sliaped mold of very
flue wet sand from the outer edge of
the flooring to the top of the form
around the square hole and smooth
with wooden float. Place a layer of
concrete four inches thick over the
sand so that the edge will rest on the
side wall, Fig. No. 35.
Removing Frames.
ieTcoftefete set for a week, then re-
move one of the floor boards and let
the sand fall gradually to the bottom
of the eistern. When all boards.and
forms are removed they can be easily
passed through the two-foot aperture
and the sand taken out of the cistern
by means of a pail lowered with a
rope. This does away with all ex-
pensive forms and is perfectly feas-
ible. The bottom of the cistern should
be biflit at the same time as the-side
walls and should be of the surae mix-
ture, six inches thick.
A square cistern is mqcli easier to
uild, and in most cases, answers the
purpose as well as a round cistern.
Excavate to desired depth and put in
six inches concrete floor, one part Port-
land cement, two parts sand, and four
parts broken stone. As soon as prac-
ticable, put up forms for 8-inch walls
and build the four walls .s-im-ultaneous-
ly. If more than eight feet square,
walls should be re-enforced with a
woven-wire fabric or steel rods.
EASILY-MADE HOPPER
Poultry on Range Should Have
Supplemental Dry Feed.
Mash Tends to Promote Rapid and
Uniform Growth of Fowls and Is
Economical—Device Illustrat-
ed Is Efficient,
The feeding of dry mash to farm
poultry on range is not practiced as
generally as it should be. Dry mash
Is compounded of finely-ground grains,
and usually contains some animal pro-
tein in the way of beef scrap, fish
scrap, etc. This dry mash is intended
to supplement the grain ration and to
be an additional source of supply to
the chickens on range.
!>ry mash always accessible to poul-
try helps to promote a rapid and uni-
form growth and Is economical. Poul-
try is not inclined to overeat of dry
mash. The usual method of feeding
wet or moist mashes, however, unless
care is taken, ls wasteful and danger-
ous.
TRY GROWING FEW FILBERTS
This hopper is constructed of inch
boards 12 inches wide. The top may
be hinged for convenience in filling, or
the entire top may be made remov-
able, affording in this case better pro-
tection from the weather. The V-
shaped bottom of the food container
Get Harness in Shape.
What about the harness, ls it ready
for spring work? It not, look It over
and put It in shape.
Using Mechanical Milker.
A man using a mechanical milker
can milk several more cows than ho
can milk by hand.
Clean Vegetables.
Cleanliness always pays big divi-
dends In the preparation of vegetables
for market.
Clean Grain Seed.
Clean the seed grain l It pays, and
i pays big.
No Other Nut Comes Into Bearing
Earlier—Try Them in Experi-
mental Way at First.
Probably no other nut comes Into
bearing earlier than the filbert, of
which the common hazel nut is a spe-
cies. Inasmuch as its near relative,
the hazel nut, is so widely distributed
throughout the country, it seems well
worthy a trial on a small scale. Plant
the nuts In the fall. They may be
purchased wherever nuts are usually
sold, and an investment of , 5 or 10
cents Is all the expense needed unless
■one desires to try some known variety,
when the hushes may be obtained from
a nursery.
There is no certainty as to the qual-
ity of the nuts which may be obtained
from the seed, but some sort of an
edible fruit is almost certain, and one
should try them In an experimental
way at first, anyhow. They are said
to he very susceptible to fungus at-
tacks, but although there ls no infor-
mation of any experiments, It is be-
lieved that horde a ux mixture will ovelt-
(
J’’o'
Detail of Dry-Mash Hopper.
is made of one-fourth inch square
mesh wire, such as is used in render-
ing corn cribs and grain bins rat
proof. The flat tray, above which the
food container is supported by the end
boards, should have drainage holes.
Wooden cleats should be fastened
along the point of contact of the wire
mesh with the end boards, thus making
a closed joint and preventing waste.
come this. If you are interested in
nuts and care to try an experiment,
it may be worth while to plant a hand-
ful of filberts.
PEAS OFTEN BECOME “BUGGY”
Standard Method of Preventing Infec-
tion Is to Fumigate With Car-
bon Bisulphide.
Peas often become “buggy” in the
wintertime. The standard method
preventing infestation of all kinds of
grains is to fumigate with carbon bi-
sulphide. Be sure that your stored
grains are not injured when It Is so
easy to put the bugs out of businesa
Water Used by Plants.
It is estimated that for every ounce
of organic material formed by a grow-
ing tree or plant from 15 to 20 pounds
of water is used, which passes off
mostly by evaporation.
Succeed With Sheep.
Nc man can do well with sheep hf ho
does not love them. So with every-
thing else.
MISTAKE OF OBED
MADE SCARECROWS OF CLOTHE3
WIFE AND DAUGHTER
WANTED.
It Frightened the Birds Away From
the Corn, but He Had to Give
S’lome Money for New
Things.
“My gracious!” ejaculated Mr. Gun-
ney. He passed' from the fervent
warmth of the June sunshine into the
welcome coolness of Caleb Peaslee’s
wagon shed and fanned himself vigor-
ously with his straw hat. “My gra-
cious!” he repeated. Mr. Peaslee
looked up from the rake that he was
mending.
“What’s the matter of ye now,
Obed?” he desired to know.
“Well,” hesitated Obed, “I’ll tell you
how ’twas. My wife an S’lome have
been away visitin’ for ’bout three
weeks, and they left me to. do as
was a mind to in most ways; but when
any little thing’d come up that I was
onsartain ’bout, I’d write to ’em, or
one of ’em. There wa’n’t much—
’bout whether I’d set another henP or
how much Mis’ Griggs owed us for but-
ter, or some such thing as that.
! “Bimeby, though, I wanted some ad-
vice ’bout what to use to make a scare-
crow. I’d got my corn in, and them
pesky crows was clawin’ it out of the
ground faster’n I could put it in. I
didn’t know where to find the things
jto make a scarecrow of; so I wrote to
’em and wanted they should tell me
where I could find somethin’.
“Mebbe you remember,” said Obed
with a questioning glance, “that wom-
|an and her daughter that boarded at
’our house last summer?” Mr. Peas-
lee signified that he remembered them
!well.
| “Well,” Obed went on, “when they
,went away they left a raft of stuff
that they didn’t want in the way of
clothes, I mean. Some of the things
were clothes that they’d worn fishin’
and trampin’ round in the woods, and
they was c’nsid’able tore to pieces.
There they was, hangin’ up in a
clothes-press, and S’lome wrote to me
to go and get somethin’ to dress the
scarecrow. She didn’t tell me what
to take,” he added defensively, “so how
in tunket they blame me is more'n I
can figger out.
“Well, I went up there, and I pawed
over the mess of stuff and picked out
some things and took ’em out to the
field and dressed the critter up in ’em.
There was a fancy rig for a hat, and
a long, jacketlike thing that they
called a blazer, and' a skirt with red'
and white stripes in it, and the stripes
was an inch and a half wide. I don’t
believe,” Mr. Gunney declared, in the
pride of creation, “that when I got
through you could have found a tastier-
dressed scarecrow anywheres.
“I took a lot of pride in it," Obed
admitted, “and I guess it’s, just as well
I took it before them womenfolks got
home.
“Come to get at the rights of it,” he
explained, “there was some things
there that both my wife and S’lome
was cariatin’ to wear themselves. My
wife was goin’ to fix over the hat for
herself, and S’lome’d been picturin’
herself rigged out in that striped skirt
and that fancy jacket.
“Course they couldn’t use ’em now
—’twouldn’t never do to have it said
that they’d been robbin’ a scarecrow
to get things to wear. So the upshot
is that I’ve' had to give ’em more
money than I could reely afford, to lay
out in new clothes. There’s jest one
comfortin’ thing ’bout the whole busi-
ness.”
“What is it?” asked Mr. Peaslee.
“Them crows,” grinned Obed con-
tentedly. “There ain’t been a crow
that’s felt it safe to come within a
quarter of a mile of the field since I
rigged that scarecrow up. So mebbe
I’ll get my money’s wuth out of it
after all.”—Youth’s Companion.
Mean Insinuation.
Miss Fluff—Mr. Crump hasn’t got
a bit of tact.
Miss Flip—How do you know h#
hasn’t?
Miss Fluff—I heard him ask Miss
Prim the other day if she wasn’t in*
terested in the prehistoric age.
A Mean Siam.
. “I lost a bunch of jokes today,” sa,_
a professional humorist. “It was some-
thing of a loss to me.”
| “And no gain to the finder either. He
probably won’t know what they are.’'
—Louisville Courier-Journal.
Little Things Count.
Life is made up, not of great sac-
rifices or duties, but of little things
In which smiles and kindnesses and
small obligations, given habitually, are
what win and preserve the heart and
secure comfort.—Sir Humphrey Davy.
Time to “Duck."
As soon as a man says “psychologic-
al” you can make up your mind that
pretty soon you are not going to un-
derstand what he Is talking about.
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The Lampasas Daily Leader. (Lampasas, Tex.), Vol. 14, No. 20, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 29, 1917, newspaper, March 29, 1917; Lampasas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth905572/m1/3/: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Lampasas Public Library.