The Lampasas Daily Leader. (Lampasas, Tex.), Vol. 14, No. 127, Ed. 1 Friday, August 3, 1917 Page: 3 of 4
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THE LAMPASAS DAILY LEADER
SUGAR BEET INDUSTRY
PROPER HANDLING OF CREAM
4o Distinct Types of Commercial
Plant In This Country.
Equally Wide Variations May Be
Found in Fields—So-Called Strains
Are Badly Mixed in Process
of Production.
(By C. O. TOWNSEND.)
It is a startling fact that there are
in this country no distinct types of
commercial sugar beets. In any com-
mercial sugar-beet field from Michigan
to California, without regard to the
name of the so-called variety, can be
found from 6 to 20 or more distinct
types of beets. Their distinctions may
be based upon shape, texture, habit of
growth, color, and other characters
of the leaf, as well as upon shape,
texture, quality, etc., of the root. In
fact, scarcely two beets growing side
by side in the same field have closely
related external characters of leaf or
root, and the quality of the roots
varies in both sugar and purity.
Equally wide variations may be
found in the beet-seed fields, especial-
ly with reference to habit of growth
and yield of seed. It .would appear,
therefore, that these so-called strains
are badly mixed in the process of
growth and production or that many
strains or varieties are mixed before
the seed is sacked. It would seem,
however, from the large number of
wide variations in the individual beets
produced from commercial seed that
the mixed strains or varieties appear-
ing In commercial fields are due more
to the method of growth than to arti-
ficial mixing. It may be and probably
There Are Some Mechanical Features
Which Make It Difficult to Make
Correct Test.
There should be no difference in the
butterfat in testing the same cream
when sweet and when sour. There
are some mechanical features of test-
ing, however, which make it more dif-
ficult to obtain a correct test of sour
cream than of sweet. But proper
handling of the sample of cream will
avoid any errors that may occur from
these things.
One difficulty in making a correct
test of sour cream Is that of getting a
representative sample. The souring
of the cream tends to distribute but-
terfat unevenly through the can or
other container and it also becomes
more or less curdy and lumpy. These
lumps must be broken up and the
butterfat evenly distributed before a
representative sample of cream for
testing can be made. A good way to
mix the cream is to pour, it from one
container to another several times or
to use a wooden ladle made especially
for the purpose.
More care must be taken with
soured cream to get all of the solids
not fat dissolved by the acid when the
latter is added. If they are not all
dissolved, portions will be likely to
become mixed with the butterfat in
the neck of the bottle and make the
fat reading too large.
There are other mechanical diffi-
culties in testing sour cream, which
makes the process more difficult than
with sweet cream. All can be avoided
if care is used.
mm
Jill
WORMS MAKE EARTH FERTILE
One of Widely Varying Types of Sugar
Be^ts Found in Commercial Fields.
is necessary to have mixed strains,
or crosses, in order to combine in one
plant all the desirable qualities of
weight, sugar, and purity. It would
seem, however, that little progress
can be made in the development of
desirable strains of beets until the
present mixed varieties are separated
into their component strains and the
desirable strains recombined in their
proper relation. It is no more rea-
sonable to suppose that such a mix-
ture of the present types of sugar
beets will give the best results in
yield and quality of roots than it is to
assume that the highest results in
live stock production can be reached
with mixed breeds of animals.
SPRAY MIXTURE OF ARSENIC
Solution Should Be Handled With
Greatest of Care, or Serious
Results May Follow.
Spray mixtures are composed large-
ly of arsenic and its compounds and
should be handled with the greatest
care or fatal results will follow. Paris
green, arsenate of lead, bordeaux mix-
ture, copper solution and hellebore are
all poisonous to animal life.
Great Promoters of Vegetation by Bon
ing, Perforating and Loosening
Soil on Surface.
The part performed by worms in ren-
dering the earth fertile is not gener-
ally understood. Darwin estimated
that worms, by swallowing earth for
the sake of the vegetable matter It con-
tains, and afterwards expelling it,
bring to the surface as much as ten
tons of earth per annum on an acre.
Worms are great promoters of vege-
tation by boring, perforating and
loosening the soil, and rendering it per-
vious to rains and the fibers of plants
by drawing straws and stalks of leaves
and twigs into it, and, most of all, by
throwing up such infinite numbers of
lumps of earth called wormcasts,
which form a fine manure for grain
and grass. The earth without worms
would soon become cold, hard, void of
fermentation and consequently sterile.
This has occurred in many cases where
the worms have been either accident-
ally or intentionally destroyed, and the
fertility of the soil thus lost has only
been restored when the worms had
again collected and resumed their fer-
tilizing work.
USEFUL TOOL FOR A GARDEN
Combined Weeder and Pulverizer Is
Handy Implement—Rake Is Rec-
tangular in Shape.
The cross bar of the rake here
shown is rectangular in shape and the
hoe is bolted to it by means of U-
P0IS0N SPRAYS IN ORCHARDS
Live Stock Should Not Be Allowed to
Pasture There Until ^fter One or
Two Heavy Rains.
When the trees in the orchard are
Sprayed there Is nearly always enough
of the solution falling off the leaves to
poison the grass underneath the trees.
The orchard should not be pastured
with live stock after it is sprayed until
after one or two heavy rains. Sheep
and calves are very easily poisoned.
Sheep Sorrel Injurious.
Sheep sorrel is not often eaten by
live stock owing to its sour taste, but
it is well not to pasture horses or
sheep on sorrel, as the weed is some-
what poisonous to these animals.
Proper Care of Hoof.
Don’t allow the blacksmith to rasp
(he hoof wall and otherwise mutilate
the hoof In shoeing.
Surprise in Sweet Clover.
Sweet clover on worn-out land or
run-down pasture may surprise you.
Weeder and Pulverizer.
shaped arms. The implement is, It is
claimed, a - very handy weeder and
pulverizer.
CONTROL BIG TOMATO WORM
Only Satisfactory Method Is to Hand.
Pick Them—Arsenate of Lead
Sometimes Successful.
The only satisfactory merhod of
controlling the large tomato worms
is to hand-pick them. Poisoning with
arsenate of lead is sometimes suc-
cessful, but after the worm has
reached a fair size, it is difficult to
get enough poison on to materially of
feet the worms.
If you desire to control the worms
by spraying, it will be necessary to
keep the plants well covered with
poison, starting quite early in the sea-
son. About three pounds of arsenate
of lead to 50 gallons of water, with
bordeaux mixture made at the rate
of four pounds of copper sulphate to
six pounds of lime Is a very good spray
for the control of tomato insects and
diseases.
MANNER OF BROODING CHICKS WITH HEN
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THRIFTY BROOD OF FUTURE PROFIT MAKERS.
(By J. G. HALPIN and J. B. HAYES,
Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion.)
It is frequently advisable to give
Incubator chicks to broody hens.
Many farmers find it practical to hatch
a large proportion of their chicks in
incubators and brood them all with
hens. Others buy chicks from a cen-
tral hatching station and take them
home and rear them with hens. It is
often advisable to brood some of the
later chicks with hens. The hens are
no longer needed to produce hatching
eggs and the rest while brooding
chicks is beneficial. Each of the
broody hens are given two chicks just
at dark. Early the next morning the
hens that seem to be the best for this
purpose should be given from 12 to 30
chicks according to the time of year
and the disposition of the hen.
There are many different kinds and
types of brooders on the market. They
vary in size from small individual
brooders, capable of caring for 50 or
60 chicks, to large brooder-house sys-
tems that will care for several thou-
sand chicks. Each type is adapted to
special conditions.
In hot weather it is necessary to
have shade so that the little chicks
will not be sunburned. If possible,
place the coops near some low-grow-
ing shrubbery. This affords the chicks
an excellent shelter from hawks, but
exposes them to attacks from cats and
some other enemies that will have to
be watched.
As soon as the chicks are ten days
of age, if convenient, turn the mother
hen loose toward night and allow her
to run with the brood. If the hen does
no damage she can be given her liberty
throughout the day after the chicks
become accustomed to following her.
The hen should never be turned loose
FEEDING BABY CHICKS
First Few Days Is Most Critical
Period of Its Life.
Dairy Cows Pay.
The dairy cow pays the greatest divi-
dends of any farm investment. She
assures a steady, sure income.
Important to Provide Best Brooding
Conditions Possible Following Re-
moval of Chick From In-
cubator or the NesL
The first few days after a chick gets
out of the shell is one of the most
critical periods of its life. It must
rapidly adjust Itself to radically
changed conditions. In the first place
it changes from the nourishment of
the white of the egg to the nourish-
ment furnished by the yolk. This
change takes place just before the
chick leaves the shell.
Then, In from 36 to 48 hours the
chick must adapt itself to the food
that is given it and to taking it into
its body through the mouth.
The conditions of temperature are
very different and much more vari-
able than those that existed inside the
shell while the egg was in the incu-
bator and it is a severe strain upon
the system of the baby chick to adapt
itself to the rapidly and widely vary-
ing conditions.
All of which emphasizes the impor-
tance of providing the best brooding
conditions possible during the period
immediately following the removal of
chicks from an incubator or the nest
in which they were hatched. To allow
a hen to trail her chick through wet
grass or weeds is trifling with fute and
if they do not die the good fortune can
more properly be attributed to luck
than to judgment and management.
The more nearly the changes in tem-
perature and moisture surrounding
the chicks can be reduced to a mini-
mum, the less the strain upon their
systems and the larger the percentage
that will safely pass through the crit-
ical period.
Some users of incubators attempt to
for the first time in the morning. On
most farms it will be found practical
to move the lien and chicks into a field
where they can find a large part of
their living. On many farms where
trouble from intestinal parasites is
found, if the chicks are started in the
field on clean ground they grow splen-
didly.
The length of time that a hen will
brood her flock depends largely on the
disposition of the lien. Some hens
will begin to lay after the chicks are
about three weeks old, but still liover
them at night, while other hens insist
on weaning the chicks. Care should
be taken that the chicks do not desert
some of the bouses and all crowd to-
gether at weaning .time. This is often
the case where several hens leave their
broods at about the same time. The
chicks wander from house to house
looking tor the accustome'd warmth of
the hen and finally a large number
settle down In one house. Where this
occurs, they must be either changed
back into small lots or moved into a
larger bouse.
As the chicks grow, they often be-
gin to show a desire to roost in the
trees. This is often better than roost-
ing in houses as all danger of crowding
and mites are avoided. This method,
however, exposes the chicks to thieves
although there is not as much danger
of their being stolen from the trees as
from some houses. Where there is
considerable danger from thieves, It
pays to use portable colony houses
that can be locked. The experiment
station has been successful in putting
from four to six hens and thelr-broods
in a colony house 6-by-6 or 8-by-8 feet
and allowing them to run with their
broods from the start. The success
of this plan depends upon having good
natured hens that do not fight.
brood their chicks with hens, but the
method is often unsatisfactory espe-
cially in the case of early hatched
chicks, owing to the fact that there is
not a sufficient number of broody hens.
For a full measure of success with In-
cubator-hatched chicks, it is necessary
to provide for some means of artificial
brooding. The number of fowls raised
and not the number of chicks hatched
determines the profit from the venture
and it does not pay to take chances at
the most critical period in the life of
chicks.
BALANCED RATION FOR EGGS
Most Important Thing Is Right Propon-
tlons of Protein, Carbohy-
drates and Fat.
You will not produce something from
nothing. If you want to have plenty
of eggs, the hens must be fed for eggs.
This calls for plenty of well balanced
food. While variety Is essential, the
most Important thing Is the right pro-
portions. Experience has taught that
a good, average egg ration calls for
protein, carbohydrates and fat. When
the food Is properly balanced, there is
no danger of overfeeding as in the
case of corn alone.
CURE DISEASES OF POULTRY
Solution of Acid Iron Sulphate or
Cresol Is Recommended by South
Carolina College.
(Clemson College Bulletin.)
To cure sorehead dip the head of
each afflicted chicken in a solution
of acid iron sulphate or cresol. Full
particulars about the treatment of
this and other diseases are in the
third edition of Bulletin 16. Poultry
Culture for South Carolina, which has
just been published. It is distributed
free of charge to anyone in the state.
Eggs Without Roostsr*.
Egg production is equally great In
flocks from which roosters are ex>
eluded.
m
rhe Breadth of the Principle of
the Gospel as Laid Down
by Jesus Christ.
“How oft shall my brother sin
Aginst me, and I forgive him? till seven
times? I say not unto thee, until sev-
en times, but until seventy times sev-
en.”—Matt. 18:21, 22.
“How oft shall my brother sin
against me, and I forgive him? till sev-
en times?”
What a beautifully simple rule that
would have been! Forgive seven
times! How easily the rule could
have been applied! The merest tyro
could have measured out his moral
obligations to a nicety.
“I say not unto thee, until seven
times; but until seventy times seven.”
Then the Master will not accept and
confirm the simple rule. He rejects
it. Not seven times, but seventy times
seven! Now little children are gov-
erned by rules. In the government of
childhood everything has to be strictly
and minutely measured. Precise in-
structions have to be given. It is not
enough to say to a child, “Be just.”
You have to be more explicit. You
have to break up the meat 1 nth small
pieces. You have to go into details.
You have to dissolve great principles
into tiny rules. It is so with the whole
round of a child’s life. It is gov-
erned by rules. But when childhood
is left behind you get away from the
minute guidance of rules into the freer
guidance of principles.
Simple Rules.
Men have a strange fondness for
simple rules. If you turn to the story
of our Saviour’s life you will find what
a strong partiality the Jewish people
had for the rules of their childhood.
They dearly loved a rule that was
clear and manageable. They tried in
a hundred ways to constrain, our Mas-
ter to put the Gospel of the Kingdom
into a dozen simple rules. One came
to him and said: “Who is my neigh-
bor?” And he hoped that the Lord
would draw a little circle and say, “All
in there.” It would have been so
beautifully simple to have been told
that all your neighbors lived in a giv-
en area, and that outside those limits
all the obligations of neighborliness
ceased!
But Christ gave no such rule. He
told the story of the Good Samaritan,
a story which makes neighborliness
not a thing which begins at this mile
post and ends at another, not a tiling
confined within geographical or racial
boundaries, but a thing illimitable as
human need. He gave not a rule but
a principle. And here comes Simon
Peter, bothered with this matter of
forgiveness, and wanting it all to be
pqt into a little rule, that he might
know the beginning and the end of it.
“Lord, bow oft shall my brother sin
against me, and I forgive him? till sev-
en times?” He is back in the child-
hood of the race. He wants his relig-
ion to be a vast system of petty rules.
“How oft? Seven times?” The Mas-
ter told him It could not be expressed
arithmetically; it was a finer and su^
tier thing.
Built on the Cross.
Christianity is not built upon arith-
metic; it is built upon a cross. We
do not count our way into glory. Chris-
tianity gives no precise and minute in-
structions. It does not guide us by
little lamps placed at every step of the
way. It guides us by great stars. I
make a huge mistake if I go to the
New Testament for a rule. I go wise-
ly if I go for a principle. Ever and
always it answers my request for a
rule in the words of the Master: “Not
seven times, but seventy times seven.”
Take that principle into y*>ur life,
and you will make your own rulea
Be loyal to the God who is loyal to
you. Show him that you are worthy
of his confidence when he treats you
as being more than a child. Be the
man God assumes you to be when he
seeks to govern you by large principles
and not by arbitrary rules. “Not sev-
en times, but seventy times seven.’’—-
Rev. J. H. Jowett, D. D. s
Making Men Holy.
“The Gospel method of making men
Aoly,” says the New York Watchman-
Examiner (Baptist), “is the method of
God in Christ drawing men into like-
ness to himself through the action
upon them and In them of the Cross of
Christ. Altruism as an ideal to be at-
tained is one thing. Altruism as a di-
vine force in men Is quite anotliei
thing. The human life of God In
Christ was the supreme expression of
love. In and through that life and
death God draws men to himself and
shares with him his own mortal life
Thus the ethical ideal ceases to bo
merely a member of the cognitive
series of human beliefs and becomes
also a member of the casual series o/
divine facts.”
Losses and Crosses.
“Losses and crosses are hard to
bear, hut when our h-arts are rigtaf
with God, it Is wonderful how easy
the yoke becomes.”—Selected.
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The Lampasas Daily Leader. (Lampasas, Tex.), Vol. 14, No. 127, Ed. 1 Friday, August 3, 1917, newspaper, August 3, 1917; Lampasas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth907042/m1/3/: accessed July 18, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Lampasas Public Library.