The Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 64, No. 354, Ed. 2 Friday, June 15, 1945 Page: 1 of 14
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Tune 14. 1945
mine, which wai
f the modern lino-
d one man to set
of type former.,
r six.
WAR BONDS-
• E Bond Sales ........$1,125,003.50
Overall Sales ........3,317,165.50
E Bond Quota........1,290,000.00
Overall Quota........3,525,000.00
V
he Abilene Reporter ~32eTs EVENING
“WITHOUT OR WITH OFFENSE TO FRIENDS OR FOES WE SKETCH YOUR WORLD EXACTLY AS IT GOES." - Byron -------------------
VOL. LXIV, NO. 354 A TEXAS 244, NEWSPAPER
ABILENE, TEXAS, FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 15, 1945—FOURTEEN PAGES
Associated Press (AP)
United Press (UP) PRICE FIVE CENTS
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lone 5717
SARA,’ FLEET’S OLDEST FLATTOP. BACK IN ACTION AFTER TAKING TERRIFIC PUNISHMENT IN IWO JIMA FIGHT
WASHINGTON, June 15.—OF—The Navy disclosed today that the
famous old aircraft carrier Saratoga had sustained tremendous damage
in the early stages of the battle of Iwo Jima.
But, it was stated triumphantly, she has now been fully repaired
a and is back in there, pitching again.
E Seven direct bomb hits, including some by suicide-planes, struck
the carrier, causing 315 casualties. The casualties included 123 killed,
missing or dead of wounds, and 1*2 wounded.
The fleet's oldest surviving carrier, affectionately known to all
hands as the ‘Sara,” previously had twice suffered serious damage from
torpedo attacks but the Iwo Jima action marked the first time she ever
a had received crippling damage from the air.
W The attack came on Feb. 21. two days after Iwo Jima D-Day, as she
was cruising with a fast carrier task group northeast of the island. Four
days earlier her planes had joined in plastering Tokyo in the biggest
carrier task force attack up to that time.
The Navy described the action against “Sara” as ‘one of the
most concentrated attacks in which a carrier has survived, which
might have sunk any other ship. ” A record-breaking repair job at
the Puget Sound Navy yard, however, has already returned the huge
flattop to the fighting line
The Saratoga,” said the yard’s hull superintendent, “was the moot
extensively damaged vessel the Puget Bound navy yard had received."
The carrier was launching her planes in the Iwo Jima action when
an estimated nine or 10 Japanese bombers, all believed to be on suicide
missions, closed in. Four were shot down by the ship’s anti-aircraft guns
and pilots in the air, but four others managed to crash and bomb the
ship. A fifth, after it was knocked down alongside the vessel, caromed
off the water and exploded, tearing a large hole in the carrier’s side
A bomb from another plane blew a hole in the ship’s side below the
waterline, rupturing many fuel oil lines. Water rushed in, and the ship
took a six degree list.
"Fires broke out and the burning planes and fuel scattered over
great areas of the ship,” the Navy report said. “The forward part of the
flight deck was battered beyond use One enemy suicider penetrated the
side of the ship into the hangar deck where he exploded to cause a
great fire. The crane forward of the bridge, the catapults and many
guns were battered by the crashing planes and exploding bombs Wreck-
age falling into the gun gallerys on the side of the ship caused further
fires there.”
However, the Sara s troubles were not over. About an hour and a
half after the first attack, with darkness setting in, more enemy planes
appeared and one dropped another bomb on the stricken carrier before
crashing. Damage from the second attack, although severe, was soon
eliminated, and the Sara was able to receive her airborne pilots who
were circling the ship with their gas supplies running low.
Photographs of her damage were flown to the Puget Sound
navy yard from the advance base where temporary repairs were made,
and by the time she reached the yard all plans and equipment for
her repair were ready. She waa completely refitted and ready for sea
in the record breaking time of less than two months.
The Sara provided air cover for the invasion of Guadalcanal and
fought off the Japanese counterattack in the battle of the eastern
Solomons. In the latter action her planes sank the Japanese carrier
Ryuzyo.
After coming back to the states for a rest, the Saratoga returned to
the Pacific early this year under command of Capt. L. A Morbus, Lima
Ohio, and took her place with more than a dozen other carriers in
Vice-Admiral Marc A. Mitscher’s task force 58, which blasted Tokyo in
February.
Following that action the Saratoga was moving south to give direct
support to the Iwo Jima landings when she suffered the crippling attack
by enemy planes.
9
Els
CREWMEN BATTLE FLAMES ON CARRIER SARATOGA—Crewmen battle flames on
the carrier USS Saratoga after the veteran flattop was hit by seven Jap bombs while oper-
ating off Iwo Jima on Feb. 21, 1945. (AP Wirephoto from U. S. Navy).
GIs To Exhibit
• Infantry Arms
Weapons used by American In-
fantrymen may be handled aa well
as seen by residents of Abilene and
vicinity Monday afternoon. It was
th announced yesterday by the local
committee in charge of the Abilene
showing of the Army ground forces'
show, Here’s Your Infantry.
The weapons will be put on dis-
play at 2 p. m. Monday in front
€ of the post office.
- The regular demonstration of
the weapons and the enactment
of the capture of a Japanese
pillbox will be given at Eagle
Aussies Driving on
Borneo
perforts Fire Osal
as
kinawa Crack-UpStarts
Quick Yank Virtnrv JAPS LOSE WILL, surrender, commit HARA KIRI
By AL DOPKING
OKINAWA, June 14— (Delayed)-
en
(AP) — The Japanese are folding up
in their last ditch escarpment fight
on the southern tip of Okinawa.
All along the front today
there was unra takable signs
that their will to fight was
broken.
There were surrenders, suicides
and disorganized resistance.
Maj. Gen Pedro A. Del Valle,
commanding the First Marine divi-
Or Long War
By the ‘Associated Press
Superforts set fire to Osaka in a 3,000 ton incendiary raid
today as Gen. H. H. Arnold promised bombing attacks would sion now holding a tight grip on
be stepped up to a rate of 2,000,000 tons a year, making Japan Kunishi ridge, speculated:
“a terrible place to live in." “The final blow may be struck
"a terrible place to live in."
Japanese ground forces began to crack up on Okinawa,
fled on Borneo, and withdrew on two vital China fronts,
but still fought stubborn delaying actions in the Philippines
American military leaders were quoted in Washing-
ton as expecting that “either Japan will surrender with-
in the next 90 days or the war will be of long duration—a
matter of attrition." The words are those of Rep. Cannon
(D. Mo), chairman of the House appropriations com-
in two days—or two weeks.
"It all depends upon how lucky
we are.
"If we could hit their command
the whole defense might fall to
pieces.” (Under ground positions
believed to house the Japanese com-
mand were attacked with fire bombs
and rockets later in the day>.
Most of the Japanese left on
Okinawa are believed to be naval
construction or anti-aircraft per-
sonnel— laborers—knit around a
nucleus of infantrymen.
Nearly 700 Japanese have sur-
rendered and mara are giving
up hourly.
In some places, the Japanese are
fighting fantaically and they still
have numerous caves from which
they must be dug. They are fight-
ing behind rocks and wherever they
can find cover on this white coral
topped plateau.
Despite their desperate fighting,
Capt. Arsene P Bonifas, Indiana-
polis. Ind. reported from the 96th
infantry division sector:
"We have noticed an increasing
tendency of the Japs to commit
hara kiri."
British Nab Ribbentrop
stadium Monday evening at
8:30 o'clock.
0 No war bonds will be sold at the
stadium show which is free to the
public, but pledges to buy bonds
will be accepted.
Thirteen different displays of In-
fantry weapons will be exhibited on
. Fine street that afternoon with men
• who have used them in combat
overseas on hand to explain their
use and operation Equipment
clothing and booby traps will also
be shown. ____
Martial and popular music will be
a given during the street show by a
• 28-piece military band. The entire
unit on hand will include 77 en-
listed men and officers. KRBC will
broadcast s description of the dis-
play at 2:15 p. m.
Lt. France Luton, commander of
a the WAC detachment at the Abi-
Plene Army air field, will be in charge
of the 20 WACs who will assist in
handling of war bond pledges st the
night show.
MANILA, June 15—()—The Jap-
anese reported a new Allied air
strike at Borneo’s oil refinery city
of Balipapan and the deaperate for-
mation of a special attack (suicide)
corps in south Borneo while Aus-
tralian forces swept unchecked be-
low abandoned Brunei city toward
enemy-fired oil fields.
The enemy radio said 46 Lib-
erate bombers, with a fighter
escort, blasted Balikpapan, on
General Arnold, chief of Army Air Forces on a tour of N A 7I CADIICA MIMICTED
Superfort bases in the Marianas, said “we are just starting 1
with the B-29s" which will wreak “utter destruction" on I TALI 1 VILI1 1 I III ’I J I
Japan. (See story on Page 3.)u
Already, said B-29 commander Maj. Gen. Curtis Le UIDINC ALT IRE LAMADE IDA
May, Superforts have heavily damaged five cities that HHWNTOT HAMEHK
Arnold said must be destroyed—Tokyo, Yokohama, Na- 1 IILINU V V ■ II 1 IAI IDUNU
goya, Kobe and Osaka. “It is just a matter of time,” Le
May said, “until we get everything of value in Japan.”
Today they got machine tool, chemical, propeller plants
and other industries in Osaka and neighboring Amagasaki
S
Wu
Borneo’s east central coast, for
an hour yesterday.
The Japanese-controlled Batavia | The strike on Japan’s greatest industrial city was made by
radio also made a eft-handed ad-520 Superforts on the first anniversary of their initial raid
on Nippon. Clouds obscured
results, but Tokyo admitted
fires were started in widely
mission that all north Borneo, in-
vaded Sunday by Australia's famed
“Rats of Tobruk," is falling. The
enemy broadcast dwelt instead on
south Borneo where, it said, natives
have formed the "first group” of
an organization "fashioned after
the Japanese special attack (suicide
corps.)”
Sinos Take Ishan,
oGI Wives, Fiancees
Go Overseas Soon
WASHINGTON, June 15.—)-
The War department promised to-
day to allow families and fiancees
@o servicemen in occupied Europe
5 to join them “when conditions per-
mit.”
'You may be confident that the
War department is fully aware of
the desirability of dependents and
fiancees proceeding to Europe and
will certainly relax the present re- |
strictions when conditions permit.
Currie Resigns
a WASHINGTON, June 15.—P)-
•President Truman today accepted
the resignation of Lauchlin Currie,
10,000-a-year prsidential adminis-
trative asisstant.
Gandhi Sheds
Leader's Role
BOMBAY, June 15 —(>— Mohan-
das K Gandhi said today the free-
ing of eight imprisoned members
of ths Congress working committee
was the occasion for him to step
aside as leader and let them ‘take
up the thread’ of independence
plans.
Field Marshal Lord Wavell, the
viceroy, announced the liberations
last night. A Indian-British con-
ference is to be held June 2& at
Simla over Britain's new offer of
two additional executive council
posts to Indians as a step "towards
Indian self-government."
Gandhi said he telegraped
Wavell to tell the viceroy that
he was only an advisor and had
no standing as a recognized
representative of the Congress
party.
The aging leader said the name
of Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad,
Congress president, had been omit-
ted from the list of those to be in-
vited to Simla, and that Kalam
Azad was the only one who could
speak with authority.
The Bombay Chronicle, which ex-
presses the Congress party view-
point, was cool toward the proposed
continuance of the viceroy’s veto
power over executive council deci-
sions it said, “much depends upon
how Lord Wavell will act up to his
assurance he will not use the veto
unreasonably.”
Today's communique an-
nounced the occupation, with-
out a fight, of Brunei, river port
and capital of the north Borneo
sultanate of the same name. A
front dispatch of Associated
Press Correspondent James
Hutcheson disclosed that an
enemy garrison, once number-
ing 400, pulled out ahead of the
Aussie Ninth division.
Without a supporting fleet or air
force, the Japanese on north Bor-
neo are offering only a token re-
sistance to the Diggers who have
won two airfields and pushed with-
in sight of the only other one—
3,600-foot Timbalai on Labuan Is-
land in Brunei bay
Hutcheson said the Aussies, not
even bothering to bring along their
tanks, completed their 16-mile run
into Brunei yesterday after finding
only 50 Nipponese to kill.
Allied bombs had wrecked the
business district, used by the foe.
but pinpoint accuracy left homes
intact, including the palace of the
sultan with its billiard table and
piano
Western Borneo's oil fields, whose
ultimate loss the eng ay has con-
ceded by setting them aflame, are
50 miles below Brunei, a river port
city of 20,000
Heads Daniel Baker
BROWNWOOD, June 15-OF—
Mrs. J. W Trapp of Brownwood to-
day accepted appointment ax pres-
ident of Daniel Baker college, ret-
roactive to June 1, J R Holly,
chairman of the board of trustees,
announced.
Attack Wenchow
CHUNGKING. June IS—(Ah—The
Chinese high command announced
today that Chinese forces which
have pursued the Japanese 175
miles from Foochow along the east
China coast had attacked the Che-
kiang province port of Wenchow.
The Chinese said the enemy gar-
rison at Wenchow, 220 miles south
of Shanghai on the Wu river, al-
ready waa beginning to retreat.
Observers here had expected the
Japaneae to evacuate Wenchow, a
potential death trap, once the forces
which had abandoned Foochow
reached there.
separated sections
On Okinawa, three American di-
visions closed in on the enemy's
southern mountain fortress, led by
the 96th division which captured
Yaeju hill, highest point on the es-
carpment, and drive toward the
second highest peak. Yaeju is in
the center of the northern front
A mile and a half to the south-
east the Seventh Infantry made ad-
vances of up to 700 yards, driving
into Nakaza town.
On the western flank the first
FIELD MARSHALL MONTGOM-
ERY’S HEADQUARTERS, Ger-
many. June 15—(PP)—Nazi Foreign
Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop
was captured yesterday as he slept
nude in a Hamburg boarding house
bringing to a close the most inten-
svie manhunt in Europe since V-E
Day.
Van Ribbentrop, understood to
be wanted by the governments
of at least 10 nations to stand
trial for war crimes, was the
last top-ranking Nazi known to
be alive who had eluded cap-
Gen. Ike Calls foi
Peacetime Draft
ture. A metal ean of poison
was found strapped to his body,
but he surrendered this vol-
un tarily.
The dandified former champagne
salesman who became the engineer
of Hitler’s arrogant foreign policy,
had been hiding in Hamburg since
April 30. The man who had im-
posed his diplomatic will on Europe
had not a friends in all of Ger-
many's second largest city who
would assist him actively in obtain-
ing a place ot refuge.
Von Ribbentrop volunteered
that he had intended to hide
until British feeling about him
died down, and then attempt to
save his life In a trial. He went
VON RIBBENTROP
Berlin Big 3
Pa
LONDON, June 15—(P)—Maj.
Clement R. Attlee disclosed to-
day that the Big Three meet-
ing will take place in Berlin.
D Attlee, former deputy prime
minister and present leader of
the Labor opposition, made the
disclosure In a letter to Church-
III accepting the prime minis-
ter’s invitation to attend the
• omespective conference to Ber-
Mercury Zooms to
108 at Wink, Pyote -
By UNITED PRESS
Partly cloudy skies and a fore-
cast of showers for parts of East
Texas gave a -measure ot relief to-
day to sweltering Texas after the
mercury shot up to as high aa 1M
degrees late Thursday in an early
summer heat wave
Temperatures in the upper
90‘s were general throughout
the state but the real hot spots
were Wink and Pyote when the
108 reading was recorded.
Dallas reported 91 degrees late
Thursday. It was 107 at Big Spring.
100 at Laredo, 105 at Midland and
Del Rio, 104 at San Angelo, 103 at
Sweetwater and an even 100 at Mis-
sion. Abilene's high was 99.
The Weather
V. S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
. WEATHER BUREAU’
ABILENE AND VICINITY Fair today,
tonight and Saturday: continued hot.
EAST TEXAS Partly cloudy this af-
ternoon, tonight, and Saturday Fresh
southerly winds on coast.
WEST TEXAS: Partly cloudy this af-
ternoon, tonight, and Saturday
Maximum temperature last 24 hours
„Minimum temperature last 12 hours
Fri-Thur Thur-Wed
AM
80— 72
78-71
7871
Hour
PM
8978
94
SAVE
7 10
7470
to
98
86—64
87 —87
Sunrise _____...
Sunset tonight 8:46.
U 83—72
this morning 6:32.
83—7
Maj. Gen. Robert B McClure's
headquarters in Kunming, mean-
while, announced that Chinese
forces had recaptured the Kwangsi
railway town of Ishan. 43 miles west
of the former U. 6 air base site of
Liuchow.
McClure's headquarters said the
Japanese had withdrawn 2 1-2 miles
along the highway leading to Ta-
tang. road junction 21 miles south-
west of Liuchow._________
Train Kills 8
AMSTERDAM, N Y., June 15—(P)
-Eight members of a New York
Central track crew were killed to-
day when the eastbound Water
Level limited, crack passenger train,
plowed into a section gang
The accident occurred a mile and
a half east of Amsterdam at De
Capriox crossing.
Marines widened their hold on
Kunishi ridge in a predawn attack
and fought off a series of daytime
counterattacks The Devil Dogs were
under continuous heavy fire.
In the Philippines, heavy rains
hampered progress on Mindanao is-
land while two divisions closed in
on Cagayan valley on northern Lu-
zon. The 33rd division brought up
240 mm, guns to support its crawl-
ing advance along cliffs and ridges.
Hong Kong was lit up by 455
drums of jellied gasoline dropped
by Liberators from the Philippines
North of Japan. Matsuwa Island
in the Kuriles was shelled twice by
American carriers and cruisers
which fired the first time through
a thick fog curtain
Unity Commended
SUPREME HEADQUARTERS AL-
LIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE
June 15.—(P)—Gen Eisenhower told
a press conference today that the
WASHINGTON, June 15—(P—
Gen. Dwight D Eisenhower advised
s House committee today that "fair-
ness to the country and to the in-
dividual's chances of survival in
war” demand universal military
training in peacetime
The views of the supreme Allied
commander in Europe were aet forth
in a letter to Chairman Woodrum
(D-VA), of the post-war military
committee
The letter was made public as
Secretary of War Stimson testified
in support of peacetime draft pro-
posals <See story on page 2.)
Tn spite of all technological
advances," Elsenhower wrote,
“numbers (great strength in all
arms, land, tea and air) are
vitally important in war * * 1."
In time of peace, he said, in-
dividuals subject to war service
should have received “a thorough
grounding in technique, discipline
and understanding of the citizen’s
obligations in time of emergency."
In a serious war, he continued
to a wine merchant friend, he
said—a man who had known
him 25 years. The merchant
shunned him. Von Ribbentrop,
using the name of “Riese," got
lodging with an unsuspecting
landlady.
Ths same wine merchant was
brought to British intelligence bead-
quarters late yesterday, and there
pointed out his erstwhile friend.
But identification was made even
more certain.
By keeping the arrest secret over
night, British sleuths who had
trailed Von Ribbentrop across much
of western Germany managed to
arrest his sister Today in a tear-
ful and hysterical scene she iden-
tified the foreign minister
Ribbentrop was taken under
guard in an RAF transport plane
from the Lueneburg airfield at 12:30
Poles Denounce
Moscow Trials
LONDON, June 15— (UP)- A
. spokesman for the London delega-
tion to the Polish conference in
Moscow said today that Russia’s
impending trial of 16 arrested Polee
seriously imperiled the success of
the meeting
Representatives of the Polish
exile government in London,
which was not invited to the
conference, bluntly denounced
the Soviet announcement of the
trial as “political blackmait
typical of Russian power poli-
ties."
Radio Moscow announced last
night that Vice-Premier Jan Jan-
p. m. to be interrogated by su-
preme headquarter authorities kowski of the London government
round on Ribbentrop were three and 15 other Polish underground
letters, addressed respectively to
Field Marshal Montgomery, British
Allied invasion of Europe last June .
succeeded only because the air, sea | “the quicker the maximum potential
and ground arms fought as a single, can be converted into tactical Dow-
unified force.
er the surer the victory and the
less the cost "
Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden
and to Prime Minister “Wincent)
(Sic) Churchill"
Ribbentrop was aroused from
his sleep and admitted his Iden-
tity. Voluntarily he produced
the containers of suicide poison
which had been strapped to his
He was described by his captors.
Platform Like Scaffold—
HOMEFRONT ROUGH, HERO FINDS
FARMERSVILLE, June 15(P——Lt hard realities of civilian life
Audie Murphy, one of two most
decorated men in the United States
Army, today was convinced that
wartime life in the United State?
is as rough as a jeep with square
wheels.
The biggest ax hanging over
the wavy-haired head of the 20-
year-old one man army was the
fact that be stars today at his
These things happened to Mur-
phy:
1. His new shoes don’t fit so
he innocently decided to pur-
chase a larger pair In Dallas.
He was told he would need a
shoe stamp. Murphy thought
a shoe stamp was something
that stamped out shoes. Hr is
still wearing that tight pair.
2. He saw his first gasoline cou-
pon and realized with sudden shock
own homecoming. To the bash-
full little officer, this prospect
was about as enjoyable as bob-
bing for apples in boiling oil.
That big platform in the town
square, built so that 2,206 proud
and happy citizens of this agricul-, ______
tural community might get a bet- red points. So he had to be con-
ter view of their hero, looked just tent with a can of chicken ala king
that money, indeed, isn’t everything
He postponed plans for purchasing
an automobile
3. He wanted to buy a small can
of meat He was told he would need
He spilled s gob of ala king on his
trousers and every one of his 728
Add to all this woe the fact that freckles paled as he stated: “If it
the Texas Irishmen has spent the takes points for pants. I’m a gone
last 20 hours learning the tough goose.”
like a scaffold to Murphy.
• • •
Lt J B Adam of Paisley, England,
Sgt. Maj R C Holloway of Lon- said.
don and Sgt. J B Gibson of Lan-
cashire, as “extremely passive and
leaders would be tried "in the next
few days" on charges of diversion-
ist actions behind the Red army
lines. They were arrested in March.
A spokesman for Stanislaw Mik-
olajczyk, former premier of the
London government, and two other
London Poles invited to the Mos-
cow conference said the announce-
ment was "a most unfavorable de-
velopment ”
"It will create an extremely bad
atmosphere for the conference' he
Cigarettes Back in
Open on Counters
NEW YORK June 15—(P) - not a bit truculent.”
Popular brand cigarettes were dis- --———
played openly on many retail count-
er. to the New York area for the Ask E Bond Buyers
To Wipe Out Deficit
WASHINGTON, June 15 — (P)-
Ted R Gamble, director of the
treasury's war finance division, re-
ported today that E-bond sales in
the 7th wsr losn are about 10 per-
cent behind schedule
Gamble appealed to all war
finance committees to step up
E bond sales activity, and to re-
port the prospect of wiping out
what he described as the “small
deficit.” •
Sales to individuals now total $5,-
510,000,000, or 78.7 percent of the
quota.
E-Bond sales, however, are lag-
ging with 62.4 percent of the $4,-
000,000 quota reached. The E-Bond
sales total $2,496,000.
first time in many months, and to-
bacconists said today there would
probably be an easing of the na-
tion-wide shortage soon.
Retailers reported almost normal
deliveries from five big brands But
spokesmen for the manufacturers
said there may still be some hoard-
ing by dealers because of the wide-
spread black market
Dime Brings $3,000
A 107-year-old dime donated to
the Seventh War Loan drive by
William McMahon of Abilene, who
lx now at Retrieve Prison farm at
Snipe, recently sold at a Houston
war bond drive for $3,000 in E-
Bonds.
The dime a keepsake given Mc-
Mahon by his grandmother, was
sent to The Houston Post for use
in the drive, according to a Post
newspaper account.
More Texas Gas to
Appalachian Area
WASHINGTON, June 15 —
The Federal Power commission to-
day granted the Tennessee Gas and
Transmission Co authority to pips
60,000,000 additional cubic feet of
natural gas dally into the Appa-
lachian area as a war emergency
measure.
Specifically it gave the Houston,
Texas, company permission to oper-
ate under lease from Defense Plant
corporation four new compressor
stations totalling 33,600 horsepower
to be built by DPC and to construct
new facilities st live existing sta-
tions. _
Transit Co. Seized
WASHINGTON, June 15 — (UP)
—President Truman today ordered
the Office of Defense Transports,
tion to seise the strike - bound
Scranton, Pa., Transit Co.
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The Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 64, No. 354, Ed. 2 Friday, June 15, 1945, newspaper, June 15, 1945; Abilene, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth1636486/m1/1/?rotate=90: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Public Library.