The Schulenburg Sticker (Schulenburg, Tex.), Vol. 15, No. 36, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 6, 1909 Page: 3 of 8
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GREAT CONGRESS OF PEACE
WORKERS HELD IN CHICAGO
Thousands of the Opponents of Warfare, Including Many
Distinguished Diplomats and Statesmen, Gather to
- Discuss Disarmament and Worldwide
Arbitration. y
Chicago.—Every civilized country on
the globe was represented in the sec-
ond National Peace Congress, which
began here Monday. The gathering
waa the greatest of it& kind ever held
1n Ataerica, and brought to Chicago
some 25,000 persons who are zealous
workers in the cause of world-wide
peace. Among these were eminent
statesmen and diplomats of this and
other nations. Unfortunately, official
duties prevented both President Taft,
the honorary president, and Secretary
of War Dickinson, the president of the
congress, from being present.
On Sunday there were special serv-
ices in most of the Chicago churches,
peace meetings under the auspices of
socialist and labour organizations, and
* large mass meeting which was ad-
dressed by President Schurman of
■Cornell university, Rev. Jenkins Lloyd
Jones and Dr. Emil G. HirsCh of Chi-
cago.
Welcome to the Congress.
Orchestra hall' was filled to the
limit Monday when the first session
was called to order by Robert Treat
Paine of Boston, the presiding officer,
for governors, mayors and hundreds of
clubs had been asked to appoint dele-
gates, and most of them had re-
sponded. President Dickinson's ad-
dress, the same he delivered several
weeks ago before the Hamilton club,
was read, and the congress was then
formally welcomed by Gov. Charles S.
Deneen for the state, ftfayor Fred A.
Busse for the city and Rev. A. Eugene
Bartlett, chairman of the reception
committee. The secretary then read a
brief letter from President Taft, in
which the chief executive heartily
commended the aims of the congress.
Miss Anna B. Eckstein of Boston
next was Introduced to the meeting
and read a "World Petition to the
Third Hague Conference." This was
life
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-
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William J. Calhoun.
|||;.
followed by an address by Dr. Benja-
min F. Trueblood, secretary of the
American Peace Society, on "The Pres-
ent Position of the Peace Movement."
What Has Been Accomplished.
Dr. Trueblood said in part:
"Let me sketch in the barest out-
lines what has already been accom-
-piifhed. The interpretation will take
care of itself.
"I. The men and women, now a
great host, who believe that the day
is past when blind brute force should
direct the policies of nations and pre-
side at the settlement of their dif-
ferences, are now' thoroughly organ-
ized. A hundred years ago there was
not a society in existence organized
to promote appeal to the forum of
reason and right in the adjustment Of
international cdntroversles. To-day
there are more than 500, nearly
-every important nation having
its group of peace organizations. Their
constituents are numbered by tens of
thousands, from every rank and class
in society—philanthropists, men of
trade and commerce, educators and
jurists, workingmen, statesmen, rulers
•' " ■ a _
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I
"The organized peace party has its
International Peace bureau at Berne,
Switzerland, binding all Its sections
into one world body. It has its Inter-
local Peace congress which sh«3
Id 17 meetings in 20 years—con-
over which statesmen now feel
an honor to preside and which are
welcomed by kings and presidents
with a warmth of interest and a gen-
erousness of hospitality scarcely ac-
corded to any other organizations. It
has its great national congresses in
manj^ countries, like this present one,
and that in Carnegie hall, New York,
two years ago; and it* special confer-
ence like that at Mohonk lake. It has
its unsurpassed banquets and festi-
vals, like that given to the Seven-
teenth International Peace congress
by the British government in London
last July, and those recently given by
the Peace society of the city of New
.York. . . ' ', ..
Triumph of Arbitration.
"II. The position which the peace
movement has reached is no less dis-
tinctly determined by the practical at-
tainmo- f arbitration. We are this
year c .obrating what is really the
o l- hw;.lrcJth anniversary of the birth
of our movement, for it was in 1809
ti at DivM U DOdge, a Christian mer-
chant oi New York city, wrote' the
pamphlet which broufU the move-
"f. ' ' fJ" v 3^ 1
ment into being, and led six years
later to the organization in his parlor
In New York of the first Peace society
In the world. There had then been
no arbitrations between nations in our
modern sense of the word 'nations.' In
the 100 years since 1809 more
than 250 important controversies have
been settled by this means, not to
mention an even greater number of
less important cases, the settlement
of which involved the principle of ar-
bitration. Within the past 20 years so
rapid has been the triumph of arbi-
tration that more than 100 interna-
tional 1 differences have been disposed
of by this means, or between five and
six a _year for the whole 20 years.
The Hague Court.
"The first Hague conference, ten
years ago,gave us the. Permanent In-
ternational court of arbitration, which
has now been in successful operation
for about eight years and disposed of
several important controversies. This
court was strengthened and Improved
by the second Hague conference two
years ago, and, by the admission of the
South and Central American states to
it, has become the arbitration court,
not of the 26 powers that gathered at
The Hague in 1899, but of the entire
world. This tribunal is now taking
practically all the International differ-
ences not adjustable by diplomacy.
"Within less than six years, more
than 80 treaties of obligatory arbi-
tration, stipulating reference to The
Hague court of all questions of a
judicial order and those arising in the
interpretation of treaties, have been
concluded between nations in pairs,
23 of which were negotiated the past
year by our distinguished ex-Secretary
of State Roet, and ratified by both
the president and the senate.
The Hague Conferences.
"III. In order to determine further
the advanced position which the
peace movement has attained on its
practical side, the two Hague confer-
ences and what they have ac-
complished must be taken into ac-
count. It is still the habit of some per-
sons to speak disparagingly of these
great gatherings and their results.
Some do It because they are satisfied
with nothing short of immediate per-
fection; others because they wish the
whole movement for the abolition of
war to fail. Othere do it purely from
ignorance.
"The first Hague conference gave iis
the permanent international court of
arbitration, to which 24 powers finally
became parties by ratification of the
convention. This court has now for
eight years been in successful opera-
tion, and not less than four contro-
versies have been referred to it dur-
ing the past year. The second Hague
conference enlarged and strengthened
the convention under which this court
was set up, and made the court the
tribunal, not of 25 powers, but of all
the nations of the world.
"The high water mark of the work
of the second Hague conference was
reached in its^action in regard to fu-
ture meetings of the conference. The
principle of periodic meetings of the
conference hereafter was approved
without a dissenting voice. The date
even of the third conference 'was fixed
and the governments urged to appoint
at least two years in advance an in-
ternational commission to prepare the
program of the meeting."
Dean W. P. Rogers of the Cincinnati
Law school brought this session to a
close with an eloquent talk on "The
Dawn of Universal Peace."
• Addresses Monday Evening.
Monday evening's meeting was de-
voted to "The Drawing Together of
the Nations," and was presided over
by Dr, Hirsch. The addresses were
on "Independence Versus Interdepend-
ence of Nations," by Prof. Paul S.
Reinsch of the University of Wiscon
sin; "Racial Progress Towards Univer-
sal Peace," by Rev. H. T. Kealing of
Nashville, Tenn.; and "The Biology of
War," by President David Starr Jor-
dan of Leland Stanford, Jr., Univer-
sity. At the same time another meet-
ing was in session in Music hall, with
Miss Jane Addams in the chair. The
speakers tyere were Joseph B. Burtt
oi Chicago', on "Fraternal Orders and
Peace;" Prof. Graham Taylor of Chi-
cago Commons, on "Victims of War
and Industry;" Samuel Gompers, presi-
dent of the American Federation of
Labor, on "Organized Labor and
Peace," and John Spargo of Yonkers,
N. Y., on "International Socialism as
a Peace Factor."
Commercial and Legal Views.
Two big meetings were held Tues-
day morning, one on commerce and in-
dustry, presided over by George E.
Roberts, president of the Commercial
National bank of Chicago, and the
other on "Women and Peace," with
Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin of Chicago as
chairman. The former session was
addressed by Belton Gilreath of Bir
mingham, Ala., W. A. Mahoney of Col-
umbus, O., James Arbuckle, consul of
Spain and Colombia, St. Ia>uis, and
Marcus M. Marks, president of the
National Association of Clothiers, New
York city. The women heard inter-
esting speeches by Mrs. Philip N.
Moore, president of the General Fed-
eration of Women's Clubs; Miss Jane
Addams and Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead
of Boston.
"Some Legal Aspects of the Peace
Movement" was the general topic of
the Orchestra hall meeting Tuesday
afternoon, and the chairman William
J. Calhoun of Chicago. Prof. William
I. Hull of Swarthmore college dis-
cussed the advances registered by the
two Hague conferences, and James
Brown Scott, solicitor of the state de-
partment, talked about some questions
which the third Hague conference
probably will consider. "Legal Prob-
lems Capable of Settlement by Arbi-
tration" was the subject of a learned
paper by Prof. Charles Cheney Hyde
of Chicago.
Special Collegiate Session.
In Mandel hall, at the University of
Chicago, a special session was held for
universities and colleges, a feature
of which was an oratorical contest
participated in by students. Louis P.
Lochner of Madison, Wis., spoke on
"The Cosmopolitan Clubs."
The general session of Tuesday
evening was perhaps the most inter-
esting of the congress. "Next Steps
in Peacemaking" was the topic. The
audience was aroused to great enthu-
siasm by an eloquent and spirited ad-
Richard Bartholdt.
dress by Congressman Richard Bar-
tholdt of Missouri, president of the
American Group, Interparliamentary
union. Another paper that met with
deserved applause was that of Edwin
D. Mead of Boston on "The Arrest in
Competitive Arming in Fidelity to The
Hague Movement."
Competitive Arming.
In discussing this question, Mr.
Mead said:
"Let us consider simply Great Brit-
ain, Germany and the United States.
It is unnecessary to go further, be-
cause these three nations control the
situation, and they are the chief sin-
ners. If these three nations began to-
day to act, with reference to arma-
ments, in accordance with' the spirit
and purpose of The Hague convention,
the peace and order of the world
would be assured to-morrow.
"In 1898 Great Britain spent on her
navy $124,000,000; Germany spent
$29,000,000; and the United States
spent $50,000,000. Last year Great
Britain spent $170,000,000; Germany,
$83,000,000; and the United States,
$104,000,000. The increase in precise-
ly ten years when there should have
been decrease was enormous. Our
own army expenses last year were as
great as our navy expenses. Our navy
expenses this year will be $30,006^000
greater than last year. We are to-
day paying for expenses of past wars
and preparations for possible wars 65
per cent., practically two-thirds, of
our total; national revenue, leaving
barely one-third available for all con-
structive purposes. What would Wash-
ington and Jefferson and Franklin say
to this? We know what they did say
about things of this sort. They would
say to-day that the republic was stand-
ing on its head.
Hope for the Future.
"This is what vhas come about in
ten years in these three nations be-
cause The Hague conference in 1899
did nothing about the reduction or ar-
rest of armaments. As we now look
back, we see that it could not do much
directly at that time. The war sys-
tem of nations could be supplanted
only by the gradual development of a
system Of international law and jus-
tice to take its place. When the first
Hague conference created the inter-
national tribunal, it did indirectly the
most probably which it could do in be-
half of the reduction of armaments,
because it took a long step in furnish-
ing the nations with such legal ma-
chinery for the^settlement of their dift
ferences as makes recourse to war
machinery more and more unneces-
sary and inexcusable. It has been in
the line of this thought that the in-
ternational lawyers have had their
hopeful assurance. Develop the legal
machinery, they said, and the arma-
ments will perforce crumble of their
own dead weight.
"The continued and rapid develop-
ment during the decade of provision
for the peaceful settlement of interna-
tional disputes has been something un-
paralleled ki history. The leaders of
the movement for international justice
are sometimes reproached with being
dreamers, The only trouble with them
in the past ten years has been that, so
far as the development of the instru-
ments of international justice are con-
cerned, they hav* not been able to
dream daringly enough or fast enough
to keep up with the facts."
Among the diplomats who came to
Chicago to attend the Peace congress
were: Ambassador Count Johann
Heinrich von BernstorfT of Germany;
Herman de Lagercrantz, envoy from
Sweden; Wu Ting Fang, envoy from
China: Alfred Mitchell Innes, coun-
selor of the British embassy, and Dr.
Halvdan Kont of the University of
Norway. The Japanese, Turkish and
French embassies also were repre
sented.
The Legislators
WORKINGS OF THE LEGISLATURE AND
SENATE AT THE STATE CAPITOL.
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Monday's Legislative Summary.
House killed tuberculosis commis-
sion bill.
Senate passes bill authorizing surety
company agents to form rating asso-
ciation after materially amending
same.
House passed bill appropriating
$100,000 to start Rusk prison iron
works.
Senate will consider penitentiary
railroad bill-. Attorney Generad David-
son gives opinion, saying bill as ii
passed house is valid.
A hew substitute guaranty of depos-
its bill will be offered as substitute for
senate bill in house Tuesday. Chances
for measure are fair.
In the House.
There was an unusually large num-
ber of requests for leaves of absence
in the house Monday morning and
when all were granted it was found
that a bare quorum was present.
Terrell of Bexar sent up the follow-
ing resolution, the reading of which
caused amusement:
Whereas, Fifteen hundred citizens of
the city of Tyler, Smith county, re-
cently lynched a negro at noon upon
the public square of Tyler when there
was no positive proof .as to the guilt
of the negro; and,
Whereas, The representative from
Smith county has at present engaged
his attention Ifi the reformation of the
Citizenship of Bexar county; and,
iVhereas, Reform should always be-
gin at home; and.
Whereas, Such a community of law
ors are unfit to select their own
officials; and,
Whereas, The representatives from
Bexar county are willing to assist in
the good work in Smith county as well
as in Be^ar county; therefore, be it
Resolved, by the house of represent-
atives that we request the governor to
submit for our consideration the ques-
tion of creating a criminal district
court for Smith county, and that the
judge thereof be appointed by the gov-
ernor, so that we may prosecute the
reckless violators of the law in Smith
county, it now being conceded that
It is the purpose of the judges of this
state to assist in prosecutions, and
that the governor be required to in-
struct the assistant attorney general
to assist said appointed judge in the
prosecution.
Reedy was sitting at a table in the
center aisle, busily engaged in /study-
ing the Alexander-Terrell (McLennan)
bank guaranty bill. As the reading
ded he sat up and took notice,
|| noting the pleased expression on
the faces of the members he, too, be-
gan grinning, but offered no comment.
When a second reading was called,
objection was raised, and the speaker
announced that the resolution would
be referred to the committee on state
affairs.
in the House.
The house was called to order Satur-
day hiorning.
No quorum \va3 present. Represent-
ative Cureton rose to a question of per-
sonal privilege to reply, to Senator
Renter's speech in the senate last Sat-
urday.
The AlexandeiiTerrell (McLennan)
bank guaranty bill and the Terrell
(Bowie) fraternal insurance company
bill, received from the senate, were re-
ferred, rpspectively, to the committees
on banks and banking and insurance.
At the conclusion of Cureton's re-
marks, Representative Stratton's
amendment to the miscellaneous items
of the appropriation bill, providing for
an appropriation of $&25 to pay M. M.
Scott, archiect, for services rendered
in preparing plans and specifications
for a quarantine station at Galveston,
was adopted.
An amendment by Robertson and
Schulter of Travis, appropriating $2237
to reimburse the city of Austin for
brick repairing work on the State's
property abutting on Congress avenue,
to be expended by August 31, liil.
Schulter introduced an amendment
appropriating $20,000, or as much of
that sum as necessary, for the pur-
chase of two paintings. "Dawn of the
Alamo" and "The Battle of San Ja-
cinto," by Huddle.
At the suggestion of Davis, the
amount was reduced to $15,000 and
the amendment adopted.
In the house Friday morning Hamil-
ton McCulloch sent up a memorial res-
olution on the death of W. T. Milton, a
former representative, who died April
28. It was adopted by unanimous ris-
ing vote.
Anderson'j resolution requesting
President Taft to visit Waxahachie
j when he comes to Texas met with a
stormy reception and was tabled by a
' vote of 90 to 4.
! Hay sent up a concurrent resolution
providing that the legislature adjourn
I sine die on Saturday. May 8, at 5 p. m
In the Senate.
The senate convened Monday morn-
ing and the bill by Senators Peeler and
Watson authorizing surety companies
doing business in Texas, to gather sta-
tistics, form an association, promul-
gate rules, etc., was taken np.
An amendment, by Brachfield, pro-
viding that the rates agreed upon by
the association shall not become ef-
fective unless approved and accepted
by the commissioner of insurance, em-
powering the commissioner to fix the
rates if those submitted by the asso-
ciation are not acceptable anji further
providing that the rates adopted shall
in no event be higher than the lowest
in effect in any other state in the un-
ion, was accepted by the authors of
the bill and adopted. The amended
bill was then finally passed under sus-
pension /Of the rules.
The senate then recessed, subject to
call of the president, and was called
to order at noon, when the general
appropriation bill, received from the
house, was referred to the committee
on, finance. The senate then adjourned.
The senate • finance committee Mon-
day morning submitted the entire sen-
ate bill for the general appropriation
bill passed by the house.
In the Senate.
The senate convened at 10 a. m.
Saturday.
The following new bill was intro-
duced :
By Hudspeth—Amending the law
providing for the redemption of lands
and lots sold for taxes.
The following were finally passed:
House bill amending the law relat-
ing to incorporation and regulation of
interurban railways. This bill gives
motor car lines the same powers and
rights as are enjoyed by roads using
electricity as a motive power.
Senate bill by Sturgeon and Harper
authorizing)cities and towns incorpor-
ated under general or special laws to
provide by taxation for street Improv-
ments. Common councils or other
governing bodies are authorized to'
hold elections to adopt this act and on
failure to call an election they may be
compelled to do eo on petition of 100
citizens. ■>
Tlie Senate Wednesday failed to fur-
nish its daily explosion, but the house,
havh"£ a clear field, furnished sensa-
tion sufficient?t6 satisfy the habitues
of the galleries who relish that sort
of thing. In the forenoon the house
solemnly declared that no final ball or
reception should be given by the stu-
dents of the University of Texas with
the official sanction or recognition of
that institution, otherwise no money
would be paid from the state treasury
for the support of said institution. Lat-
er in the day, after the members had
partaken of dinner and perhaps felt
better, they reversed their action as
expeditiously as an engineer reverses
a locomotive when he sees a broken
rail ahead and removed the ban from
the ball.
Bills Introduced.
The following hills was introduced
in the House Saturday:
Senator Hudspeth introduced bill ex-
tending the time for which land may
be redeemed which has been sold for
taxes two years from the time that the
bill goes into effect if passed, and tl u3
giving the owners two years addition
al time to redeem the land. ;
A. AID M. COTTON BULLETIN
ISSUED BY TEXAS EXPERIMENT
STATION AT COLLEGE STATION.
Some Good Advice to Farmers if Car*
ried Out. Plans to Rid Boll
Weevil Pest.
1
College Station, Tex.—In his bulletin
on Corn and Cotton experiments for
1908, W. C. Welborn, vice director and
agriculturist of the Texas ESxperiment
Station at the A. and M. College,
makes the following remarkable state-
ment:
"About the middle of October two
small pieces of cotton with their
green bolls were cut down at the
ground. This work closely followed
picking so as to knock out the little
cotton. The stalks were allowed to
open up their bolls as compared with
similar pieces left standing. The cut
stalks opened up about as much cotton
and cotton of about as good quality as
that left Standing. There was no yel-
low cotton here the past season.
"This was d«me to deprive the boll
weevils of green squares to breed in,
a month or more earlier than frost
would destroy these squares and at the
same time in tha hopes of saving all
the cotton produced. This cutting
with the right sort of machine does
not cost more than 15 cents an acre,
and two rows are laid over in every
other middle. In one case the stalks
were shocked or piled loosely and In
this way the cotton was not beaten out
by the rains and was not much
trashier than usual.
"Farther east, where there is.always
much yellow cotton caused by frost
this. plan, though only partially tried
out as yet, it is believed, would In-
crease the yield of good cotton that
could be saved. There is scarcely any
question, from the teaching of ento-
mologists, but that if the boll weevils
could be entirely deprived of breed-
ing places and food a month or six
weeks earlier than usual that only a
very few could live over the long span
necessary to bring them to cotton
squares again next spring. In a dis-
trict where the weevil may be ex-
pected to stop cotton from blooming
August lOttf, September 10 would find
all bolls practically grown. Cutting
down the stalks by September 15th
would, it is believed, not decrease the
yield of cotton, and would destroy all
squares to breed in just about two
months earlier than a freeze might be
expected to. Cotton planted April
15th might be expected to make a few
squares not earlier than June 10th.
September 15th to June 10th would
make over 8^ months that the weevil
would have to live and yet have vital-
ity to lay fertile egp. It is incredible
after such a lapse of time that there
would J>e enough weevils left to do any
harm. This plan, or any other requir-
ing general co-operation would have to
have the force of law behind it and
perhaps a direct reward ahead of it to
get it carried out. Excellent as is be-
lieved to be the recommendation Vto
burn the stalks after picking is fin-
ished, perhaps not 1 per cent of the
people do it."
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Cotton Chopping to Commence.
Taylor, Tex.—Farmers announce
that next week cotton chopping will
be^ommenced. The hail of last Fri-
day wrought somte damage near town
south of Taylor, but was not of enough
force to destroy the stand of cotton
and corn.
Attacks Woman Near Tyler.
Tyler, Tex.—Miss Etta Paul, resid-
ing two miles south of Tyler, in the
Sneed chapel community, while on her
back gallery Sunday night was grab-
bed by the wrist by an unidentified
person, jerked from the house and
knocked in the head with a bottle, tn*
blow rendering her unconscious for
several hours. t
w
Appropriation Bill Passed.
The house of representatives Satur-
day passed the general appropriation
bill after making several additions
thereto, the most notable being the
amendment by Mr. Hill and others
appropriating $1,068,900 to pay off
state bonds maturing July 1 of the j
present year. This amendment was.
adopted notwithstanding the assertion
mide by Mr. Mobley that it was a
slap at the administration of Gov.
Campbell and intended to bring upon
him the blame of raising the tax rate.
The total amount carried by the gen-
eral a ppropriation bill is $9,804,610.42,
of which $1,157,732.66 13 immediately
available, $4,645,239.76 is available for
the fiscal year ending Aug. 31. 1910,
and f 4.001,638 is available for the fls- [
eal year ending Aug. 31, 1911.
Irish Potato Crop Moving.
Brenham, Tex.—The potato crop of
Washington county is moving very
fast and a number of large shipments
have been made by the local dealers.
A good price is being paid and a
large crop has been raised. The po-
tato industry is growing every year
and contributes largely to tlje prosper-
ity of the county.
Beans and Potatoes.
Caldwell, Tex.—Monday the weather
was warm and, ideal for crops, which
are getting over the recent cold spell
and taking a good start to grow. The
crops of beans and Irish potatoes are
fine and are being put on he market
sooner than usual.
; m
In the Senate.
The senate convened Friday morning
Rev. Mr. Bell of McKinney invoked the
| divine blessing.
j House bill regulating electric rail-
ways and permiting them to sell light
and power was received and referred
; to committee.
Harper's resolution that all guaran-
ty batik bilis now iri the hands of the
printer be withdrawn was adopted.
House bill authorizing a new charter
for fhe city of Amarillo was en-
grossed.
Senator Veale offered an amendment
requiring railroads to build overhead
causeways, and another providing for
s the creation of au independent school
district within the city, were adopted
and the bill finally passed.
The Holsey bank guaranty bill was
; ordered to lie ou the table subject to
call.
A 150 Barrel Gusher.
Sour Lake, Tex.—The VVynn well
came in a gusher Saturday and is flow-
ing* at the rate of 150 barrels a day.
Crops Looking Well.
Flatonia, Tex.—The past few days
have been cold and clear. A rain is
needed for both corn and cotton. Crops
look well in the entire country.
Palacios Fire Loas $50,000.
Palactcs, Tex.—Since the disastrous
fire Sunday morning order has been
restored. The postofflce has been
moved and with very little delay Un-
cle Sam's business is being conducted
expeditiously as heretofore. The loss
is $50,000.
Creamery and Farmer.
Brenham, Tex.—The Brenham
creamery made Curing the month of
April 10.922 pounds of butter and
paid to the farmers $2,334.75.
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Winfree, Raymond. The Schulenburg Sticker (Schulenburg, Tex.), Vol. 15, No. 36, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 6, 1909, newspaper, May 6, 1909; Schulenburg, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth189340/m1/3/?q=%22~1~1%22~1: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Schulenburg Public Library.