The Texas State Times (Austin, Tex.), Vol. 2, No. 5, Ed. 1 Saturday, January 6, 1855 Page: 2 of 4
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WM
PUBLISH!D ITIBT SATURDAY BT
FORD, WALKER & DAVIDSON.
ion B. FOOD. JO. Ttun. w. T. DAVIDSON.
Mil 8. FORD, Editor.
AUSTIN, SATURDAY, JAN. 6, 1855.
TBRMS.—Three dollars per annum, invariably in
ADVERTIS1 MG.—For each of tenlines,
or less, one dollar for the firs* ^"^on', jvprt;3Z
ees ten dollars—County offices five dollars.
Political circulars, and communications of
« private or personal nature, will be charged at the
. g—rv* mtes as advertisements.
\
B®"lilders C. Burleson and J. W. D. Creath
will preach in this city on Friday, 12th inst. The
wili be protracted until after the second
lord's Day. Services held in the Old Capitol at
U o'clock in the morning and at early candle
lighting.
ggp The list of letters will be published iu
the Times for the next year. The list was
awarded to ns on application to the Post
Master, under the kw regulating their publi-
cation.
IV The arrivals at the Metropolitan Hotel
were too multitudinous for our space.
House Breaking.—On two different nights
the drag atora of F. T Duffau of this city was
entered by some unknown thief. The first
night he obtained about #85 in cash—the sec-
ond he appropriated a counterfeit gold piece
and some tobacco—became alarmed and fled.
Austin High School.—The card of Mr.
H. B. Kinney should receive the attention of
pwafa- Qis school is well spoken of by its
fatema. ;
Miss Townsead has opened a school
at the old Methodist Church on Congress
Avenue.
TErmrm of january.—The< Kid Fellows
have made preparations to celebrate this great
national jubilee bya ball. They have hither-
to gotten up these things with great taste,
and they have been enjoyed with unalloyed
pleasure by the participants.
^ — ■
Stealing.—The room of I. M. Blackwell
was entered one night during the Christmas
holidays, and robbed of some money and a
Colt's revolver. • - -
. Eclectic Ppysiciahs.—The card of Drs.
Payne & Herndon will inform our citizens of
their locality. Some of the preparations of
the Eclectic Physicians are decidedly guod.—
Their theory and practice differs from all oth-
ers. They profess to cnll the best principles
from >11 theories and modes of practice. We
have no doubt but that the gentlemen possess
merit and deserve patronage.
bw James Youho.—This very eloquent
and agreeable lecturer addressed an audience
this city on the 29th inst. His discourse
was received with unbounded: applause.—
Mr. Young is making a tour of the State advo-
cating the passage of a prohibitory law. He
is'a gentleman of fine oratorical powers, of
perseverance and great suavity. The friends
of temperance should give him a warm recep-
tion in every part of the State he may visit.
Ttmuici Meeting.—The proceedings of
the temperance meeting held in this city can
be found in another column. The resolutions
were passed with great unanimity. They are
worthy of the attention of Travis County can-
didates, for there is no doubt but that the in-
tention of the meeting is to stand by the res-
olutions in the approaching election.
P. W.
Z The Railroad Meeting.
Next Monday the 8th of January is the da^
The School Bill.
Some of the press seem inclined to throw ridi-
appoilited" forThe Rail road Meeting at the Old' cnieupon the law of the last session of the
,(o| r . Tt .1—. i',;nnilo nf ojitomrioo an.! S4V
of progress be present.
The citizens of Travis Connty and more par-
Let all the friends of enterprise and Legislature setting aside £2.000,000 as perma-
nent school fund. The complaint seems to be
that the five per centum interest which the
United States stocks yield does not amount to
enough to pay the entire expenses of educating
all the children in the State; and in order to
make the satire more pungent it is assumed,-
ticularly of Austin are largely interested in
having a railroad from this place to some point
on the coast completed at an early day. It
would make Austin and important commercial
point and far more than double the number of that the fund only yields 60 cents per scholar.
inhabitants and value of property. Every
class of business men in the community, and
in the connty would share in the benefit of the
work. The planter will find a home market
for his produce, the merchant for his wares,
and the professional man for hi3 services, and
travelling will become a pleasure instead of a
horror.
Let not the Old Fogy respond that all this is
This is not true. The fund yields $1 50 cents
per annum for each child contemplated by the
. act The error of those who have thought the
j contrary grows out of the fact, that the dividend
j declared the first of September was only 60
| cents per annum, but this was not for a year,
! nor the half of it.
But the sinallness of the amount is no ob-
jection to the principle. The appropriation
true, but the time has not yet come. That was a liberal one for a new State; and if other
Fbok Corpus Christi.—Capt.
Humphreys arrived from Corpus Christi on
TlninW Hiaiinv. He brings no news of danger and_delay. _JLmdeed
— a bridge is practteaPIe across the Brazos al
tereat. JMr, Tinney cut a man named Bed ®
very badly with a kniffe, and succeeded in
avoiding arrest.
Steam Mill.—The steam mill of Capt. J.
J. Grumbles on River Walk, is now in oper-
ation. It grinds about fourteen bushels of
com per hour. The Capt. intends attaching
a Souring mill to the establishment. The
steam power is ample to drive four tunes the
machinery that moves it at present.
Sickness oh the Rio Grande.—There
has been an unosual degree of sickness on the
Bio Grande this season. The disease assumes
the character of chills " and fever at the com-
mencement and afterwards inflammatory symp-
toms oome on from which very few have recov-
ered. AtComargo more than three hundred
have died.
Te?as Orphan Asylum.—Mr. Goss,
the agent of the Texas Orphan Asylum has
been in this city for several days on business in
connection with the institution. The sub-
scriptions made by our citizens are being paid
with punctuality.
Christmas Fights.—The Christmas fights
began with too much vim, they could'nt1
hold out—Little Windy got up a skrimmagc
between Quincy and the " loud talking man'
—" Loud Talk" did'nt win—he was turned
from the bottom, like a "jack" in "old
sledge." He coaxed somebody else into a
nice little fight, and got "knifed" for his
pains. There were various other pugilistic
exhibitions—by all sorts of people—in all
sorts of conditions. Friends were generally
on hand to .separate them, which increased
their wrath—" distance lends enchantment
to the view." We would give the names of
the parties, but they have, most of them, as-
sured us of their undying devotion to us and
ours—winding up by saying "that little affair
was funny, but of course you never mention
such things." Well we dont. Go on boys—
amuse yourselves, it draws no blood from our
rock-broken, nose.
was what Virginians said, when they suffered
New York, by its canals and railroads, to take
away from Norfolk, the finest seaport on the
Atlantic, the trade aud wealth of the Great
West. The time has come to commence in
earnest to connect this point with the Gulf,
and that if this is done speedily, every subse-
quent road in the country above, whether rail
or plank road or turnpike will point to this City.
It is of no avail to allege that roads have failed
before now. Many have succeeded which
were far more difficult. Let one sensible rea-
son be shown why this enterprise should fail.
There is not a single enterprise of this sort but
has had its croakers.
Every important railroad in the States which
connects the Coa.st and the interior has had to
pierce its way through mountains to the rich
vallies beyond, and the great cost of rock exca-
vation has been their chief obstacle. Here
where neither great rivers nor rugged moun-
tains are te be encountered, but rich and gen.
tly undulating prairies which will themselves
be tributary to the road, instead of forming an
obstacle; no man. who is not wilfully blind, can
doubt of its final,success. The enemies ot
this scheme, if there are any such, must them-
selves admit that no road in t he United States
passes over a route where grading will cost
so little by half, or which will carry off the pro-
duce of a region, which at. all equals the upper
vallies and prairies of the Brazos and Colorado.
As this is a a matter of dollars and cents it is
proper that it should be examined in its practi-
cal bearings. Compare for instance a road
trom Austin to Indianola, with one in Georgia
or South Carolim. There the average cost
of railroads is placed at twenty thousand dol-
lars per mile. Of this cost at least five thous"
and per mile may be placed to the account of
mountains and rocky hills and expensive
bridges over rivers, a mile of such work fre-
quently costing more than twenty miles of gra*
ding in simple earth work. The sixteen sec'
tions donated by tho State would at twenty-five
cents per acre, without any location, bring
twenty-five hundred dollars per mile, thus re-
ducing the actual cost of the road to twelve
thousand five hundred dollars per each mile-
About one half of the produce therefore which
passes over the Georgia and South Carolina
roads would pay for t his. And who that knows
the two countries will deny that in twoyeais,
if a railroad was commenced in real earnest,
the country from this to -Waco' alone would
produce mote than any reached by the above
mentioned roads
It is not to be denied that it requires mon-
ey and public spirit to ensure success. It is
important that we should be united. Let every
man therefore give up his opinions to that of
the majority.
resources within the control of the Slate be
judiciously managed, Texas may have the
most liberal system of free schools ever yet
adopted.
It should be recollected that the stocks only
bear an interest of five per cent. Hail the
fund been made subject to be loaned to such
Railroads as had completed sections of thirty-
miles it would have commanded a greater in-
terest, and have been equally secure. Sever-
al sections of toad would probably have re-
ceived the benefit within the two years; be-
cause capitalists would have been certain that
a loan of 5.6000 per mile and a donation of 16
sections of land per mile would reimburse the
advances for the first section. And the bene-
fits of the expenditure of a few hundred thou-
sand dollars of public money among a distress-
ed community are not to be overlooked.
The disbursements of the money for the
public buildings have resulted in more real ad-
vantage to the country thau the 34,000,000
locked up in the Treasury, and the $5,000,000
locked up at Washington. The worst finan-
ciers iii the world are those who house up mo-
ney, lest it should be wasted. Such misers are
responsible for all the distress in the country
now.
The profligate who wastes his means on cost-
ly houses, equipages and entertainments is of
more real service to a country than the miser
who sinks every dollar which comes within his
grasp. As it is in private affairs so is it in pub-
lic. The liberal policy is always wisest, be-
cause in itself it is right.
Our Federal Court.
In another column will be lound a memorial
to Congress, now in circulation among our
citizens, having for its object the formation of a
new Federal District, embracing all that por-
tion of the State that under the present organi-
zation prosecute their suits in the United States.
Courts at Tyler and Austin; while the old Dis-
trict will be composed of all those counties in
the lower portion of the State that now bring
their suits in the Federal Court at Galveston
and Brownsville.
It is also proposed that the terms of the Courts
should be held semi-annually instead of once
a year. As for both these changes the reasons
set forth in the memorial are strong and conclu
sive.
It is a matter of veiy great importance to
the prosperity of Texas, that there should be a
speedy and final adjustment of the many vexed
questions growing cut of the unsettled condi-
tion of the land titles in the country, as there
is perhaps no one cause that operates more in.
juriously than this in retarding emigration to
the State. If the objects contemplated by the
Two propositions seem to stand i memorial can be attained, we have little doubt
prominently before us, the route to Richmond j but that many of these questions will be set-
on the Brazos, and to Fowderhorn or Lavaca on
Matagorda bay.
Both routes have advantages. Richmond is
about twenty miles nearer than Indianola and
the country on the route is well adapted for
the purpose.
On. the other hand Indianola is a seaport at
which the same steamers which supply Gal-
veston regularly arrive, while after reaching
Richmond, the Brazos River must be ferried
and a reshipment take place at Harrisburg be-
fore articles can-reach Galveston. This will all
late from the Rio Grande.
A letter received on Thursday in this city
from a gentleman residing in Rio Grande
City contains a few news items. There is no
revolutionary movement now on foot in Mex-
ioo.
The store of Mr. Hedrick of Rio Grande
City was entered at night, about the 15th
Bee., and robbed of one thousand dollars in
goods, which were earned into Mexico—the
thieves were of coursc of that -nation.
Sam. Stewart, the Sheriff of Star county,
went to serve a writ on Charles Gallagher,
for a violation of the license law—Gallagher
drew a derringer on Stewart—" the Sheriff
saw that and went five better." He fired at
Gallagher with a six-shooter and struck him
in the abdomen. The wound it is supposed
will prove mortal.
H* n Times in Tennessee.—A letter
written from Middle Tennessee says Pork is
selling at from four to five dollars a hundred,
com at five dollars per barrel and flour at five
dollars per hundred. High prices for that
region.
Col. E. Basse has been elected Chief
Jotiee of Cameron County over Judge Dun-
bp.
Richmond raised high enough for vessels
to pass under it, and a railroad completed from
Harrisburg to Galveston, that route would be
preferred for passengers and light freight But
a railroad from Houston or Harrisburg to Gal-
veston is not likely to be built until every
other road is finished in the State. The effect
of such a road would be to injure' Harrisburg and
Houston without materially benfefiting_GaIves-
ton, for the latter place, gets all the trade of
the two former without a railroad. Besides
this, if a Railroad is started from Indianola to
Austin we may strongly counton the assistance
of Guadalupe, Bexar and ether Counties
which contain a great deal of gwealth, to bring
the road as far as Gonzales. Yet we must say
for the Harrisburg road that it is in process of
erection and furnishes a more certain prospect
of future success than any scheme only in con-
templation. It is the interest of Austin to be
in connection with other points. However we
will advocate neither one nor the other road, but
that one upon which our citizens may see pro-
per to unite.
Know Nothings Triumphant In
Bexar.
A correspondent informs us that the Know
Nothings have completely triumphed in the
San Antonio City Elections. Every Catholic
and every naturalized American was beaten
The same correspondent believes the result
a most unfortunate one!! " The foreigners and
Catholics are completely aroused against those
with whom they have been accustomed to act.
They will now form themselves into a Know
Something party, and at future elections will
no doubt teach those who have secretly obtain-
ed a triumph the value of illiberal principles.
There can be no sounder political creed than
an adherence to the principles of the constitui
tkm—equal rights and the laigest liberty for
the greatest uumbers, all of which is taught
in the good old Democratic fold.
We "know nothing"' belter than old fash-
ioned Democracy.'"'
He speaks as if he knew.
Tex as a Trade.—Mr. Marx, of I'exaria.
publishes his card in to-day's paper. He has
the reputation of beiug a man of wealth and
business habits. The citizens of Texana are
of opinion the people of this region would find
it advantageous to open a trade with their
town. There can be no harm in giving the
place a trial. The most accessible point on
or near tho coast is not yet discovered to the
atisfaction of the public. Any place possess-
ing merit should have its capabilities investi-
gated. In this respect Texana is of more im-
portance, probably, than is generally supposed-
Texana is said to be the nearest point to Aus-
tin, reached by tide-water. The distance be-
ing 115 miles The country is excellently
adapted to the constiuction of a road.
[fp™ The Cherokee Sentinel in noticing an
examination of Mr. Lane's pupils grows warm.
The pro. tern, says:
We were most agreeably pleased by the ef-
forts of several of the students in Elocution.—
They were happy illustrations of that native
tied much more speedily than they otherwise
would be, as a very considerable proportion of
the land litigation is conducted in the Federal
Court.
The time tpo for urging this change appears
to us peculiarly propitious, as at this session of
Congress it is expected that a bill will shortly
be proposed embodying the views ot the Presi-
dent on the subject of judicial reform, and it
may be reasonably expected that some materia'
alteration will be made in the Federal Dis;
trials. . ... _ ._
~~%e trust that our^represqgtatives w*l urge
j Temperance Meeting.
' At a meeting held at the Old Capitol on
i the 29th Dec. 1854, Mr. F. T. Ihiftau was
called to the Chair and Mr. Chas. L. Mann
appointed Secretary, the objects of the meet-
ing were fiilly explained by the Rev. Mr.
Young, who at the special request of the
friends of temperance in the State of Texas,
is now canvassing the State, lecturing in fa-
vor of reform and the 3Iaine Liquor Law, the
objects of the meeting were for the purpose of
endorsing the action of the Rev. Mr. Young,
and to concur with our sister counties iu the
] action taken by theui in the glorious cause of
! temperance and humanity.
Capt. Cleveland moved that the Chair ap-
point a committee of five for the purpose of
raising funds to defray a part of the expenses
necessary to be incurred by Brother Young
in this stupendous work —Carried.
Whereupon the following gentleman were
appointed, to wit, Col. J. S. Ford, Capt J. T.
Cleveland. Kev. John W. Philips, Rev. Wm.
M. Baker and Col. R. D. Carr.—Col. Ford
moved that the sum of two hundred dollars
be raised by the citizens of Travis County, to
aid in the objects above stated. Carried—
when upon motion the meeting adjourned to
meet on Tuesday the 2nd of Jan. 1^55, and
that Col. J. S. Ford be requested to address
the meeting on the subject of Tempsrance.
Tuesday Jan. 2nd, 1S55.
The meeting met pursuant to adjournment
—The Secretary then read the minutes of the
previous evening, which being adopted, Col.
Ford the Chairman of the Committee appoin-
ted at the meeting held on the 29th of Dec.
last, offered the following resolutions, which
were unanimously adopted:
Whereas the present law in relation to licen-
ses is insufficient and sectional in its oper-
ation—not sufficiently stringent in its pro-
visions and altogether inadequate to eliect
the ends it was intended to accomplish—
and whereas the people of the State of
Texas have given unequivocal demonstra-
tions of their will, at the ballot box in op-
position to granting license to legalize the
traffic of liquor, be it therefore
Resolved, That this meeting deem it the
duty of every friend of temperance to advocate
boldly and unceasingly the propriety of se-
curing the election of such men to our next
Legislature as will ensure the passage of a
law for the Entire Prohibition throughout
the whole State of the sale of intoxicating li-
quors of any kind, save as a medicine, and
then in quantities not less than one quart and
under strict guards against the abuse of this
legal privilege.
Resolved. That this meeting pledge them-
selves to co-operate cordially and heartily
with the friends of temperapco in the State,
for the purpose of securing the successor the
cause and that they will not stop short of the
final and complete overthrow of the license
system and they invite the advocates of tem-
perance, of order, of philanthropy, in Texas
to act in concert and give strength by unity
of effort.
Resolved, That the best evidence of sincer-
ity in our cause is co-operation, that our
standard-bearers should not only be friends
of temperance, but practice its precepts.
Resolved, That we recognize in Rev. James
loung, an able, eloquent and powerful cham-
pion in the cause of temperance, and recom-
mend him to its friends throughout the State
as worthy of their confidence and esteem, and
wc are happy to have it in our vower to an-
nounce that he will make a tour of the State
for the purpose of lending his invaluable aid
to the promotion of the great reform.
When in accordance with r_ former invita-
tion Col. -T. S. Ford addressed the meeting
in his usual happy ancf forcible manner.
The question being put, the resolutions
were unanimously adopted.
Rev. Wm. 31. Baker moved that the Chair
appoint a Committee to wait upon Col. Ford
and request a copy of his able address for publi-
cation.. Carried—whereupon Capt. J. T.
Cleveland, Charle^L. Mann, TCsqr. and Dr.
S. TV. Baker were appointed said committee.
Mr. Mann moved that the proceedings of the
meeting together with the resolutions be pub-
otion the meeting adjourned.
CHAS. L. MANN Sec'y.
Kansas.
The election of Gen. Whitfield as delegate
to Congress from this New Territory has
t created a feeling of satisfact ion through the
l South.
£@7" Gov. Pease publishes acoianiunicat ion
in the last number of the State Gazette, in re-
ply to charges which had been pYeferred
j against him by A. J. Hamilton, of having
I occupied an equivocal position on tVe qu^s-
i tion of lending the money of the Sute to
Ditb.
In New Orleans, on the 14th of December, of
appojilcxy, Mr. F. Brichta, aged 58 year*.
" Lay the sod lightly
Over his breast—
Calm be his slumbers,
Peaceful his rest."
j The Bill creating that Territory placed the I a;(j ;n building railroads in other words,
matter ou its true grounds, leaving the ques- that he was trimming between the opponents
I tion of Slavery to the Constitution, and to and friends of the measure. He clearly
! the people as soon as the Territory becomes shows, from his circular addressed to the peo-
„ ' ,.r, . n i ji p!e, and by an extract from his Message to
a State. W hethcr Congress has the power to P^' Le%jJature> that hc was favorable to
legislate Slavery in or out of the ierntones, j ^ & ^ and tholfght it was t he interest of
or has not, every one is sensiplc of the i the to devote her funds to that object.* English branches; the thinl,"thepr^aii
! dangerous nature of such legislation. It is a The Times had even gone so far as to assert ;o>j- studies for a collegiate coursc, or for business
I matter of rejoicing that a platform has at last ! that the Governor acknowledged that he had w!1! the tat
I been found based not on arbitrary gcographi- to "shoestring" it during the canvass.—
How the editors of .that paper must feel un-
AUSTIN HIGH SCHOOL
THE second session of this school will
ou Monday, the 29th inst., in the church bnild-
ing occupied until recently by Mr. B. 'J. Smith's Fe-
male Institute- The course of instruction will CQfi-
. sist ot three departments: The first embracing the
/; the second, the advanced classes in the
cal lines, but upon immutable principle, upon
: which Conservative Union men both North
j and South can stand together, and a platform
i too which has made the South a unit in de-
fence of her rights. The few Southerners
who voted against the Bill will now doubtless
submit to the popular will and vote with more
willingness against its repeal. The excite-
ment at the North is temporary. When it
' cools away reason and the right will triumph.
A I-library Association.
j Wc hrve heretofore alluded to the Austin
; Literary Association. That body has now on
foot a scheme for organizing a library associa-
tion in this city. We have several times
der the exposure to which they have been
subjected, we are at a loss to imagine-—
Mean enough, no doubt.—Marshall Republi-
can.
We never feel " mean " Mr. Republican,
wc leave such feelings as those to be monop-
olised by such as yourself. We gave our au-
thority for what we said ou the "shoestring"
matter, and it was such as could not be con-
troverted. We left the affair to be settled by
Gov. Pease and Col. Hamilton.
department, $15; second,S20; third,$25, peri.,
si on of five months. Tuition wlU be charged from
ilic dale of entrance to the close of the session and
nodedui-tiott will be made unless in cases of pro-
tracted sickness. The undersigned does not deem it
necessary to repeat any stereotyped expressions in
: reference to the permanency of his school, or to
j his fidelity in the discharge of his professionaldu-
• ties: but it may not be amiss to observe, that it is
i not intended to adopt a partial system of e iucation,
j by devoting all time and attention to two or three
| favorite studies: nor, on the other hand, to pursue
a superficial course, containing a smattering of each t
and an intimate knowledge of none of the branches
(aught; but to commence a thorough course, and
carry it as far as the time of the student's contin-
uant^ nt school will permit H. B. KINNEY.
January 1, 1855:5.
The OsteiHi Affair.
We have more than once taken occasion
to say that the tuss made in the newspapers
j over the meeting of four or five gentlemen
urged the importance of this subject on our connected with American legations abroad,
city readers, and we are glad to see this | at < Istend, iu the course of the past summer,
flourishing youns; association putting in prac-1 Mas tbe silliest nonsense e\er got up by the
«cc, what „c too so frequently preaehe.l j =
through our editorial columns. ^ tatiou for being sure to get at the gist of
They propose to raise a sufficient amount ! everything of the sort—for never misleading
of money by subscription, to erect a building its readers, on a matter connected with our
of a permanent nature, suitable to the purpose foreign affairs especially j and as we have
and to fill it in time with books of useful and F™** published, the upshot of our la-
—... - — *u the history of the
! entertaining knowledge, and to take also the
i most noted periodical and newspapers, for the
use of their reading room. The details of
the plan will be settled it is presumed here-
after.
We cordially commend our youug friends
to the public spirited of this City.
Hunting.—Mr. Caleb Ragiu and Mr. Wm.
Rollin, of this city, went ou a hunting excur-
sion a few miles down the Lake, in the early
part of this week. They were out four days
and during the time killed nine Geese, thirty-
four Mallard Ducks, one hundred and thirty-
eight Squirrels; catching also with the hook
about tiity pounds of the finest Lake Trout we
have seen this season.—Jefferson Herald.
Reader, don't, examine the Item too
closely at present. We are not laboring very
faithfully, either with head or hand. Christ-
mas times, egg-noggs, a broken liquor bank,
and short days, will talk for us in trumpet
voice.—Hunt. Item.
The annexed notice appears in the
N. O. True Delta.
Patriotic Russian Fund.—All citizens
friendy to the Eussian cause are requested
to mectatBanks' Arcade, on THURSDAY,
the 4th of January, for the purpose of adopt-
ing measures to obtain subscriptions for the
benefit of the widows and orphans of the sol-
diers, sailors and marines of the liussian ser-
vice, in war against the Allies.
This is giving a tangible form to sympa-
thy.
Sohool Again.
MISS C. E. TOWXSENEND would respectfully
inform the public that the 7th session of her
school will commence on Tuesday, the 2d of Jan-
uary, 1855, iu the old Methodist Church. Having
been before the public for some time as a.teacher,
she deems it unnecessary to say anything in refer-
ence to the school, but wonld most respectfully so-
licit a share of the public patronage. Terms of
tuition as heretofore For reference, please apply'
to L. r>. Carrington. Gen. Johnson, T. H. Duval,
Nath'l Tnwnsend, Geo. W. Glasscock, Thos. Free-
man, Jo Walker.
Austin, December 28,1854.-5.
City Property and Lands for Sale.
A\r E offer for sale a handsome and comfortable
T T family residence, in the city of Austin, near
the new Capitol. The house has four comfortable
2
dr.
ze&iousiy upon Congress the change advocated
in the memorial, 4s we are persuaded that it
will subserve the best interests of their con-
stituents and is imperatively demanded by the
exigencies of the case.
Austin Races.
Tuesday, Dec. 26—First Race—2 year
old sweepstakes, mile heats. Subscription,
$75—§25 forfeit—8100 added by the Club
four entries, viz:
T. F. McKinney's b. c. Van Hagen
by Jim Allen, 1 1
H. W. Sublett's g. f. Rosalie by
Hark, dam by Cadmus, 2
Lee's b. f. pedigree omitted, 3
J. A. Burditt's colt Tom Dash, by
Jim Allen, dam by imp. Tran-
by p. £
The time of this race was 2' 19", 2' 14",
won by Van Hagen in two heats—track very
heavy.
Same Day—Second Race—Match for
§500 aside.
Cannon & Schaeffcr's s. g. " Flying
Dutchman," 1
Maise's s. f. four years old, by Sam
Houston, dam Stocking. Time,
, 2' 11", 2
Second Day's Race—Saddle Horse Race
for a fine Saddle.
T. F. McKinney's b. m. " Lina "
by Bendigo, darn by imp. Strat-
ford, 1
J. A. Burditt's br. g. "Snap," 2
This race was, won easy. Time 2' 10".
Track improving.
Same Day—Match Race, single mile.
Lane's b. c. "Ben Lomond" by
Bart. Sims, dam by Dick
Hale, * 1
Shaw's s. c. Allen by Sterling,
dam by Lafitte, 2
In this rac-c the sorrel colt came out first,
but the Judges decided in favor of the bay
colt in consequence of foul riding.
Third Day's Race—Three year old
sweepstake. Entrance, §125; forfeit, §50
—three entries.
T. F. McKinney's b. f. Kate Ross
by Jim Allen, dam by Tom Thur-
man, two years old, walked over.
J. A. Burditt's s. f. three years
old, p ft.
H. S. Mitchell's s. c. 8 years old p. ft.
A number of mule races took place. The
assemblage on ear-h day was large, and more
order and decorum we have never seen ob-
served on any course.
Austin Jan. 5,1855.
.. J. S. Ford :
Sir : The undersigned, a Committee, ap-
pointed for the purpose of requesting a copy
of your very able, eloquent and appropriate
address, delivered before the meeting on
Tuesday evening 2nd inst, on the subject of
Temperance and the liquor traffic, have the
I honor most respectfully to solicit a copy of
the same for publication, and hope that you
will not deprive those who could not attend
of its benefits by declining to suffer it to be
published.
We have the Honer to be
Very Respectfully
Your ob't serv'ts.
J. T. CLEVELAND.
CHAS. L. MANN.
S. W. BAKER.
Austin Jan. 5th, 1855.
Gentlemen : I have the honor to acknow-
ledge the receipt of your note of the third
inst. I beg leave to decline your request—
the address was too hastily gotten up to allow
of its appearing to advantage in the public
prints, and were I* to revise it, the au-
dience might be unable to recognize any of
its original features.
Candor compels me to say I feel quite
gratified at the complimentary notice you
have been pleased to make of the effort.
I am, gentlemen,
resepectfiilly
Your ob't. scrv't
JOHN S. FORD.
British Fi.eet in the West Indies.—
The assembling of a lprgc British fleet in the
West India station, is is alleged, has no con-
nection with the Greytown affair or the Cuba
qesticn, A Washington corresj-ondent of
the Philadelphia American states that 31 r.
Craiupton, the British Minister, has made an
informal statement that it is part of the Baltic
fleet, sent there for exercise in the open sea,
preparatory to its being employed in the en-
suing Russian campaign.
An Energetic Mayor.—-j >r. Smith, the
"Know Nothing " Mayor of Boston, who was
re-elected on Monday last, iu alluding t" his
course on the Burns slave case, said, while
addressing his fellow f*iti*ons a iW ■l yj t
'• iFis said that T have unconstitutionally
called out the militia; but what did I call
them out for ? It was to save your lives and
protect your property, and 1 will do it every-
day in the week if it is necessary."
The Zouaves.—Who and what are
Zouaves ? asks the reader of the war news
from the Crimea. The Zouaves are natives
of the French provinces of Algiers, disciplined
: and exercised by French officers, and now
i forming part of the French contingent em-
I ployed in the Crimea and the siege of Sebas-
' topol. They hold exactly the same relation
. to the French army that the Pcpoys in India
j have to the regular British troops.
Fanny Fern and her Relatives.—
Fenny Fern has issued a new wurk entitled
"Ruth Hall," which is said to be substanti-
ally her autobiography. It is capitally
written, and is more creditable to her as a
sharp, caustic writer than as a woman. She
| is anything but amiable towards her father,
father-in-law and mother-in-law, exhibiting
j them as despicable specimens of Puritanical
| bigotry, cruelly and hypocrisy; while she is
terribly severe on her brother, N. P. Willis,
i who is made to play the. part of a heartless,
cowardly, mercenary fop,.
Lors iu connection with
• 11 1 , v . 1/1 • . MV*T vopiufl. XUC UUUBC UftO 1UUI «
miscalled I Jstecu Congress is, simply, that ! rooms, and the premises contain besides a kitchen,
there was nothing in the wide world in it. — : stables, cowpens, and a good garden—four lots en-
In view of this fact, to fiud the House of , plose<1 under a picket fence. A negro will be taken
Representatives of the United States busily Iin I'f1 Pa.vment- •■
„,.,i .c • .. iji •, Also a new and comfortable family residence
® /P . noddles over it, is , ;n t[le business pari of the city. House contain*
seven rooms, and there is a kitchen, stables, large
cistern, and a good garden on the premises. WUl
be sold on favorable terms—five lots, all enciosed.
Also, a small family residence, on Pecan street,
containing three rooms, a good garden attached—
house new—two fire-places. >
We also have for sale a large number of traettof
land, lying in the counties of Travis, Hays, Milam,
Williamson, Bell, Burnett, Coryell and Hill—some
of them improved and some unimproved. Some
are very valuable tracts, and would be sufficient
for several settlers together. Persons wishing to
purchase homes, at fair prices, and be certain of
getling^ood lilies, w nld do well to give us a call.
Also, we have lands for sale hi Bexar, Gillespie,
Gonzales, Lavaca, Jackson, Brazoria, Matagorda,
Washington, Burleson, Bastrop and McLennan
counties. Some of thase lands are on the princi-
pal water courses of the state, and are very valua-
ble. Thev will be sole on accommodating terms.
li« -UERTSt IN & 11AMPTUH,
Jan. G, 1855. 5u. Land Agents, Austin.
I. O. O. P."
MILAM LODGE, No. 23, L O. O. F., will cele-
brate its third anniversary with appropriate
ceremonies, on Monday, the 8th inst.
Members of sister lodges and transient brethren
in good standing are invited to participate.
Members of the order will assemble at the Lodge
Boom at 9 o'clock, am. <f~
The procession will move from the Lodge at half-
past lo o'clock, up Pecan street to Congress Ave-
fuu enough, for one day at least. It embra-
ces a capital illustration, indeed, of the pro-
pensity of our countrymen in public life to
seem to have the care of everything on their
shoulders. To us the amusing debate of
yesterday sounded veiy much as though the
prevailing doctrine at this time is, that our
lathers made a mistake in dividing the du-
ties and responsibilities of conducting the
government of the U. S. into three branches
executive, legislative, and. judicial—intend-
ing to have devolved on Congress the task of
superintending in detail all the movements
of our diplomatic agents abroad—all—down
to the very regulation of the qualities of the
cigars they smoke, the cognac and cham-
pagne they drink, and where they shall go
to get the very best oysters on the continent,
(for which, by the by, Ostend has been most
iauious for centuries.) We know no other
gentlemen more critical in their taste for fine
oysters than Messrs. Mason, Sickles, and
Sanders, while Mr. Buchanan's burley figure
and countenance, are sadly decceptive, if he,
too, has not a connoisseur's perceptions cf the
luxury of these delicious bivalves.
We trust that the inquiry may be pushed,
in the firm belief that the reply to it will il- nue, thence to Boisd'arc street, thence to the Pres-
lustratc to the country the point of ridicu- ' byterian church. An appropriate address*wiU be
lousness to which the prevailing taste of the ! delivered by P. G. Rep. Shelley, late of Ala., at 11
day is urging those who were originally de-
signed to our law makers.- - Wa*A. Star.
o'clock, a. m , at- the Presbyterian Church.
The citizens generally, and the ladies particular-
ly. are invited to hear the address.
W. Lr RobabM,
W. P. DCNobkahdix,
Geo. F. Lampkin,
Tuos. Fbekman,
H. Johns,
5:lw Committee.
Austin, Jan. 6, 1855.
Contradicted.—The Cincinnati Gazette
says it is a mistake that Judge McLean has
approved a decision that free colored citizens
•could not sue in the courts of the United
States. This right does not depend upon
color, but upon citizenship. Where blacks
are recognised as citizens, they have the
right to appeal to the United States court,
the same as white citizens.
Ojp'The difficulty in Paraguay, between
President Lopez and the United States Consul
at Assumption, Mr. Hopkins, seems to be tjrow-
, - .... , ing greater. A long and angry correspondence
eloquence, which seems to be innate with our I between them has mduead Lopez to make an
countrymen. Who knows but what they may elKi (0 t{je quarrel by wil hdrawing the exequatur
yet command the attention of " breathless
senates," anil aj-ouse a nation of freemen to
their duty by the thunders of their eloquence.
That is the right spirit. The conductor.? of
public journals, of ail others, ought to be
friends of the cause of education. Intelli-
gence is the life-food of Republics, and of
newspapers too. An ignorant, benighted peo-
ple would not support a republican govern-
ment or tolerate a free press.
from Mr. Hopkins, and taking from him by
force a houso which had been put at his dis-
posal to establish a tobai co factory.—Gelvestoa
Journal.
The Comptroller of the city cf New
York estimates the total amount required for
the coming year, at over thirTeen millions of
dollars! This includes the sum of $4,442,000
to be applied to the redemption of bonds, but
! leaves S8.700.t300 as the sum to carry on the
operations of the municipal government forfhe
[CF* Samuel D. Scovel, who absconded from ! next J'ear- This estimate appears to have con-
Macon, Ga., with 810,000 of the funds of the sideraply startled the tax-payers of Gotham.—
agency of the Marine Bank of Savannah, aud 1^.
who was arrested in St. Louis, has been taken
back to Macon and lodged in jail. About
8,600 of the amount stolen has been restored
to the Bank.—Gal. Jour.
Henky A. Wise has received the
nomination as Democratic candidate for Gov-
I ernor of Virginia.
The paciffc Railroad Meeting.—-From a
gentleman who arrived last night by the Mex-
ico. direct from Montgomery, we learn that
the meeting convened there, for the purptse of
deciding upcti what course they would lake in
reference to4lie Governors objeelion to the de-
posit made Jar securing this contract, had dis-
solved withdut organizing under the new ar-
rangement. Texas was represented by Col.
M. T. Johnson, Matt. Ward, Jno. Hancock, S.
A. Maverick and E. B. Nichols, all of whom
weie unanimous in sustaining the decision ot
the Governor, ami who, beforeadjourr.ingdrew
up a Meraoaal to that effect, which they pre-
sented to Wislker & King. Alter t hey had left,
an organization was lot med, under the eld
Vicksburg and El Paso chatter, R. J. alker,
President; T.B.King, Vice President; A. T.
Smill", Treasurer; and S. Jauion, Secretary—
This compa^'' declares their ititeptioii to go
on with the i 'ad, and alter constructing the
first fifty miles within the eighteen months,
to test the validity of their deposit in the
i courts of the State.—Gal. News.
05= On last Monday week, the 11th inst ,
Mr. Win. Hari in, a citizen of this county, who
had been on a thinking spree for several days,
had just stepped in a grocery and taken a
dram and as to left the house he fell and nev-
er spoke afterwards. An inquest was held and
tbe verdict wa< Apoplexy, brought on byi.ite.n-
perance. Another fatal warning to the people
of Texas, arid Smith county in particular, of
the evil effectsof the liquor traffic. Next Au-
gust will be the time for Temperance men to
be faithful and guard well tiieir interest as
well as the interest of this county.— Tyler Tel-
egraph. „
Austin Cou.ege.—The Huntsville item
gives the subjoined flattering account of the
prospects of this institution :
We learn tha', Rev. D. Baker has collected
nearly S4000 fo- the benefit of Austin College
during his late visit to the States, and a league
of land towards its endowment. Students are
coming to it from North and South Carolina antl
Georgia. The irstitntiou is about to have a
law school attacked to it, and one of fhe most
eminent and distinguished lawyers in the
State is to have charge of it. This is good
news to those interested in the welfare of the
collesf. Another professor, we also nndei stand,
; has been engaged to fill one of the chaiis at
j present vacant. He is said to be a gentleman
iof splendid attainments, and one who will be
[ an acquisition to lae college and the State.
The Dangers of the Sea.—The ship-
; wrecks of the last eighteen months count up
near eight thousand dead. The accounts of
this single week add a thousand more.—
j Among the most prominent in the great loss
of life are the following: Steamers—Birken-
j head, 700; City of Glasscow, 500; San
Francisco, 200; Arctic, 830; Yankee
Blade, 40; Forerunner, 14; Launch, 24;
Pearl, IS. Sailihg vessels—Olympus and
Trade Wind, 24; Walter Claxton, 18; ship
E. Z. 19 ; cutter Hamilton, 15; Tayleur,
'870; Staffordshire, 180; Favorite. 201;
Mary Jar.e, 144; Santa Anna. 70; Powhat-
an, 830; New Era, 237; Johannes, 84;
Abadish, 701; Mercedes, 731; W. H. Da-
vis, 29; Annie Jane, 375; Eurona, 18;
Waldrou, 85; Leviathan, 28; Warren, 14.
Total, 5,534.— Wash. Star.
fTy- The unenviable condition of the Allied
forces before Sebastopol was not long since, it
is said, aptly expressed by a French Colonel of
Engineers who had just completed a reconnois-
sance. Standing up in his stirrups, be threw a
look over the city and bay beneath, then, sha-
king his head with a smile, he turned to his
officers anil said: 11 That rogue, St. Arnaud,
what a lucky dog/ He is dead.'"—N. O. Cres,
Iron, Coarse Wool, Dtestuffs, &c.—
The New Youk Mirror calls ou Congress to
remove the present pressure ou the business
men of the country by passing the French
spoliation bill, redeeming the Texas bonds,
and abolishing the duties on dyestuffs and
wools. Now, there are two sides to all such
questions. A large wing of the House,
doubtless a majority, at this time are opposed
to any such legislation. As for the spolia-
tions and Texas bonds questions, at present
matters look as though there are no hopes.
That is, that these interested in the proposed
legislation with reference to them are to be i
disappointed. We shall see.
ftTo Irteuds of "fluty-tree tHycSEvfllS"
coarse wools, however, are in a better 'posi- •
tion at the present writing, owing to thepres- ! n^ual consent the law fin.* Megginson
.1,„ „.,i (■ . i .i ° -i j i * & Robards is dissolved. They will occudv
sure tor the removal of the duty on railroad j the same ocice md continlle to operate in itt
iron. It seems to us as though these three previous business committed to firm-
propositions hang together, there beiug many Austin, Jan. 1, 1855;5.
pro-railroadites (free-duty—on-railroad-iron- J
men) disposed to let in dyestuffs and coarse i -j^ROM and after Monday, the 8th inst, all ner-
W. W. PAYXE, x. n. j. b. herxdok, x. d.
DRS. PAflSE & HERSDOU, EcUtie
Physicians. Surgeons and Accoucheur*, Austin,
Texas. Office in Ziller's new stone building, north
Pecan street, where oc or both can at all times be
found unless professionally absent.
) >r. Herndon's residence at the Metropolitan
Hotel. [Jan. 6, 1#54. S-
Xotlce.
ALL persons having demands against Metropoli-
tan Division, No. 29, S. of T., will hifed them
G~S~
sons arc warned and requested not to send
their servants to my spring. S. G. NOR YELL.
January G, 1855. 5:3w.
wool duty free, by way of carrying their own
scheme. The success of any such proposi-
tion, however, will depend upon the judg-
ment with which its friends manage its
cause here this winter. Their case is not
hopeless. But to succeed, it must be earnest- i a black mare three years old. She
ly pressed, and with great skill. So matters
go in Washington at this time.— Wash. Star.
Ml
The consumption of copper in the United
States is put down at between 8.000 and 9.000
tons annually, of which only about 1.800 tons
are produced in this country. About
tons are consumed by the rolling mill:
distributed over the different markets of the
Union,tho remaining quantity beiug disposed
of in the manufacture of sheet brass, kettles,
wire, buttons, &c. There are six copper works,
containing seven rolling mills and three smelt-
ing furnaces i:i the Stales.—Gal. Jour.
Personal.
The Waterford (Ireland) News states that
Mr. Henry Meagher, brother of the well
known Irish political exile, has got a com-
mission in one of the Waterford militia regi-
ments.
Kossuth has delivered a great speech in
England on the war and the errors of the
Allies. His view, enforced with his pecu-
liar powers of oratory, is that the only means
of securing the West of Europe against the
encroachiHents of Russia is the Reconstruction i
of Poland, followed by the restoration of the
lately subjugated and suppressed nationality
ofthe Continent.
It is said that Mr. Vanderbilt is now build-
ing two fine steamers upon the general plan of
the North Star, to ply from New York to :
Havre or Liverpool, and that they will be ready •
for sea in the course of the coming spring.
The Worchestcr Palladium mentions a ru-
mor that Rufus Choat has joined the Know
Nothings, and will be a candidate for United
States Senator.
At a dinner given to the G-overnor of Aus-
tralia, in Bendigo, the health of the President
of the United States was drank with all the
honors Washington Star.
Worms! Worms!
Various theories have been started relative to the
origin of intestinal worms, and yet the question is
still a vexed one among medical authorities. (if
one fact, however, all are informed, and in which
all agree—the fatal nature of the influence they
exert on children. At this season of the year, the
attacks of worms are most frequent as well as most
dangerous. We take great pleasure in directing
the attention of parents to the Vermifuge of Dr-
McLane. It is one of tha most extraordinary me-
dicines ever intiodnced to the public,' and has never
failed of success when tried.
Purchasers will be careful to ask for "Dr. Mc-
L ane's celebrated vermifuge/' and take none else-
All other vermifuges in comparison are worthless,
D.\ McLane's genuine vermifuge, also his celebrated
liver pills can now be had at all respectable Drug
Stores in the United States and Canada.
For sale by
NICHOLS & WILSON,
Wholesale agents, Lavaca, Texas.
Strayed or Stolen.
JP*ROM the subscriber,''four weeks ago,
has a small scar nnder the left ear, a lit-.
| tie white on the right hind foot, and carries her
| head low. She paces slow and leveL When ta-
ken she was shod all round.
I will give S25 reward for the delivery of said
animal to me at Burdett's Livery Stable in this city.
Austin, Jan. 6, 1855 5:5m D. T. RUNNELS.
Family Groceries.
SAMUEL MARX keeps constantly~en-ifBnd a
large supply of family groceries, consisting in
part of Sugar, Coffee, Tea, Flour, Hams, Bacon,
etc. He also has for sale liqnors of a first rate
quality. All of these articles will be sold chMp to
customers and up-country dealers.
Texana, January 1, 1855. 5:ly
HEAD TEAT MULE'.!!
O TRAYED from the subscriber, at
Austin, yesterday evening, a
small black horse mule with white in
its face. It is a fine looking mule and iu veiy
good order. Any information concerning the
mule will be thankfully received by me at thi« of-
fice. BEN. F. KING.
Anecdote.—The Ohio Statesman tells a
story oi' a Cincinnatian, a great friend of the
Circleville Bank, who at the time of its sus_
pension, was on his way to it with fifteen to
twenfy thousand of its promises to pay, which
he designed to convert into coin. When he
arrived he was overwhelmed with astonishment
by the news of such suspension, aud, wishing
to inform his friends ofthe tact that he would
lushed to the
Joy for flic Invalid.—We cut the follow- I
''and ,rom t,ie Philadelphia, Saturday Gazette, and
recommend oar readers to peruse it carefully, and
those suffering should not delay purchasing:
Dr. HooFLAxn's Geiiman Hitters.—This celebra-
ted medicine, prepared by Dr. O. M.Jackson, at the
Imposing German Medicine Store, No. 120 Arch
j Street, is exciting unpteccdented public attraction,
| and the proprietor, who is a scientific physician, is
1 selling immense quantities of it. The virtues of
this remedy are so fully set forth in the extended
notice of it, to be seen in onr advertising columns,
that there is hardly any room left for ns to speak
of it. This much we may add : Of the long train
of physical ills to which humanity is heir, there is
none more distressing than the general derange-
ment of the digestive apparatus, which never fails
to accompany a disordered state of the liver.
Headache, piles, languor, fretfulness, a billions
tongue, a morbid breath, loss of appetite—in short ,
an indescribable wretchedness of existence, are its
insufferable and life-wasting attendants. These
DR. W. B. FARRELL'S
CELEBRATE]) ORIGINAL
ARABIAN LINIMENT.
Established 1844.
The genuine can alurayt be known by the name uDr.
W. B. Farrelis Arabian Liniment." AU other
Liniments by this name arc counterfrnte.
The Arabian Liniment.
Is used upon the human system, with unbounded
success, in Rheumatism, Gout and Palsy.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure pain and weakness in the back.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure spinal diseases, swelling, sprains and
bruises.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure sore feet, sore hands, corns and warts.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure innmps, frosted parts, and swelled neck.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure sore throat, sore eyes, and headache.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure burns and scalds, wounds and fresh cvta.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure snake bites, and many cutaneous dis-
eases.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure contracted cords, stiff joints and """-V
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure neuralgia, tooth-ache and ear-ache.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure pain in the head, breast and Bide.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure sore lips, biles, tumors and wen.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure swelled and painful breasts of females.
1 he Arabian Liniment
Will cure or relieve nearly all nervous or infla-
matory diseases.
Ihc Arabian Liniment
Is adapted to all constitutions.
The Arabian Liniment
Is a blessing to the afflicted.
The Arabian Liniment
Wijl render perfect satisfaction in all cases.
FOR HORSES AND CATTLE,*
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure sprains bruises, windgalls, and swell-
ings.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure galds, cuts, wounds and scratched.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure sweeney, founder and poll evil.
The Arabian Liniment
Will cure^colic, botts, and all inflammations.
The Atabian Liniment
Should be in the store of every dealer.
Grand Depot, 86 Dearborn Street, Chicago.
Sold in Austin by F. T. DUFFAU.
January C, 1855. 5:3w.
$15 Reward.
STRAYED, from Austin, on or about the lgt of
December, one bay Mule. He has a white spot
in the forehead, and some white spots on the back
—on the shoulder, a U. S. brand—letter C on i
i
\ ~
r*
. return home the next day. he .p. it msuneraoie ana liie-wastiug attendants, lltese —ou mc buuuiuci, <• «. u. «iu—icwiuvavn
. telegraph othee and sent them the loHOWlu^ , diseases( which haTC baffleli the Bk;u 0f the ablest hip. If returned to tha Arsenal at Austin, I will
I ties patch : "Cirelovillo 15a nK nas gOUC to Doctors, have been radically cured by Hoofiand's i Pay the above reward. HENRY 8COW •
J hell; aiul I will be t/Ki'6 to morrow." j German Bitters. See advertisement. [Dec. 23:4. I Jan. 6, 1885. 8:lw
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Ford, John S. The Texas State Times (Austin, Tex.), Vol. 2, No. 5, Ed. 1 Saturday, January 6, 1855, newspaper, January 6, 1855; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth235741/m1/2/?q=%22United+States+-+Texas+-+Travis+County+-+Austin%22: accessed July 9, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History.