San Antonio Express. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 50, No. 220, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 8, 1915 Page: 14 of 66
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. 14
ARE DUE 10 L
SAN ANTONIO EXPRESS: SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUSTS, 1915.
WERE UNAWARE OF POSITION OF
ENEMY AND GERMANS HAD
MUCH KNOWLEDGE.
SCIENTISTS TELL OF HOW RACE
CAN BE IMPROVED BY
EUGENIC METHODS.
THE WAR BIRDS AS SCOUTS EASY OF
That Russia hag committed the same
mistake that (iermauy coimnittod In the
early part of the Belgian campaign, an<l
that the Russian defeats are the result of
lack of aeroplanes on the Russian side for
reeonnoitering, controlling artillery fire
and preventing the German air scouts from
mapping the Russiifti possessions, is shown
toy reports which have reached the gov-
ernors of the Aero Club of America.
These reports, which have been received
from a score of reliable sources since the
beginning of the war, show how the com- 1
paratively small German forces, but pos-
sessing a large number of aeroplanes and
experienced aviators, have had such a tre-
mendous advantage over their foe that
they have been able to advance through
difficult country and take fortified places
in spite of the overwhelming numbers of
the Russian army.
In a summary prepared from reliable re-
ports by Henry Woodhouse, a governor of
the club, and managing editor of "Flying."
the official publication of the Aero Clubs
of America, Illinois and Pennsylvania, and
of the American Society of Aeronautic En-
gineers, the following facts are given:
"The success of the Germans, who, with j
1L200.000 men, have succeeded in forcing
the Russian army, which has more than
twice as many men. to retreat, abandoning
strongly-fortified places, has been due en-
tirely to:
"Failure on the part of the Russian army
chiefs to recognize the possibilities of em-
ploying aeroplanes to good advantage for
reconnoiterlng, directing artillery fire; co-
operating in the work of cavalry and in-
fantry; and in protecting the Russian lines
from the prying eyes of the efficient Ger-
man air scouts, who, unchallenged, not
only mapped, but secured detailed photo-
graphic plans of the Russian positions and
distribution of forces.
"Failure on the part of the Russian army
chiefs to recognize the necessity of shift-
ing of front and of making strategical
moves to offset the advantage gained by the
enemy through having more and superior
aeroplanes and aviators.
"The small number of Russian aviators
and their Jack of experience, due to not
having maneuvered with the troops before
the war.
"Lack of aeroplanes to co-operate with
Russian artillery in directing gun fire.
"Lack of sufficient numbers of aero-
planes and equipment at the disposal of
the Russian aviators, which would have
enabled them to operate with maximum
efficiency."
GERMANS FULLY EQUIPPED.
Conditions very opposite to the above
prevailing on the German side, the Rus-
sians were at a decided disadvantage, de-
spite their large numbers.
At the beginning of the war there were
about 800 aeroplanes in Russia and about
1,000 in Germany. Rut Germany had about
1,000 fully trained aviators, whereas Russia
liad only about 400, most of whom had only 1
qualified as pilots and had not had any
experience after that in military work. The
aeroplanes available in Russia were of
many types, with different kinds of mo-
tors and different controls, and men whe
had only operated one type of machine
for a short time were not able to pilot oth-
er types. Many of the machines were light
monoplanes, equipped with only 60-horse-
power motors, and had to be discarded.
A few large Sykorsky aeroplanes could
not be used for a time because they re-
Iuired large fields for starting and landing.
side from this, they are much slower
than the German machines, and are easy
targets for anti-aircraft guns. For these
reasons, the ten Sykorsky biplanes that
have been in commission during the past
six months could not render maximum
service.
Whereas German aviators have each had
an average of four aeroplanes re- iy for
their use. the Russians had to wait for
their machines to be "tuned" up. The
Russian aviators, lacking experience, went
out only occasionally, and saw little; the
German aviators maintained a constant air
patrol, and brought back detailed aceounts-
and photographs of the Russian positions.
One of the reports received from J. B.
Gilder, who got his information in letters
from Germany, supplies an interesting : it
of information, and gives an idea of the
part played by aeroplanes in the general
Austro-German advance, which began last
May. The needed reinforcements for the
. successful Austro-German frontal attack
on the Russian fortified line between Tar-
now and Gorlice were so cleverly divided
and concealed that neither the Russian
scouts or aviators could obtain a clear pic-
ture of the extent or importance of the
movements which were being carried out.
THEIR FATAL ERROR.
* On the other hand, the fact that the RusJ
fllau front had undergone only a slight
change during the long period of trench
warfare was of great advantage when it
came to distributing and placing the Ger-
man and Austrian artillery. Through the
activity of the German information serv-
ice. and particularly the aviators, the Rus-
sian lines were exactly known and mapped
out. Hundreds of photographs were taken
by the aviators, and topographically re-
produced. which gave an almost unbroken
and constantly up-to-date perspective of
the Russian front from the mouth of the
Dunajee to the Ihikla Pass lu the Carpa-
thians. This information was of Inesti-
mable importance when the final plans,
were ready for the grand assault on the
Russian positions at the beginning of
Ma f.
The German aviators have been, operating
unopposed, while the Russian aviators
have been restricted. The German gun-
ners had had experience in operating with
aeroplanes as range finders, while neither
the Russian aviators or gunners had had
any experience at all. In other words, the
Russian army was almost unprepared for
employing aeroplanes as the United States
army, with this exception that Russia had
#00 experienced aviators, whereas we have
less than a dozen: Russia had about a
thousand aeroplanes, while the United
States Army has only ten.
Thus Russia committed the same mistake
Germany committed at the beglnningribf the
campaign against Belgium Germany then
underestimating the tenacity of Belgium,
did not make good use of her air scouts.
She reliini entirely on the overwhelming
strength of her formidable army, and did
not consider it necessary to employ air
scouts to find vulnerable spots and offset
the advantage gained by Belgium through
'f*< very Judicial employment of the verv
fflciettt air scouts. The Germans
started in With a crushing preponderance
. . men. but played the game in accordance
v t!i plans it made many years ago. with
little consideration to the immediate moves
of the enemy, while the Belgians, with «
few men. but employing a score of efficient
air scouts, moved as circumstance* dic-
tated. The result was a comparatively
large loss of men and an Inestimable loss
of time on the part of the Germans, which
undoubtedly saved Paris.
RUSSIA AGAIN LOSES.
Thereafter the Germans developed avia-
tion on a large scale—which is what Rus-
sia is planning to do. Russia is now
building large armored biplanes Intended
to carry pilut. gunner, a machine gun and
a load of bombs at a speed of eighty
* miles an hour. These machines are the
"pusher type/' the gun is mounted well
forward to afford a maximum arc of fire i
and the gunner has a wide range of obser-
vation.
Russia is also ordering flying boats of
the "American" type In this countrv. The
delay, so far. has been due to the inability
of the Russian government to get aero
■totors of between 140 and 200 horsepower
These motors were not available In anv
Dumber in the United States until the b*
•tuning of this year, but when titer became i
available, and a number were set aside for I
the Russian government, official "red tape" I
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 7.—The world
needs a new aristocracy—"a real aristoc-
racy. made up of Apollos and Veuuses and
their fortunate progeny"—said l>r. J. IT
Kellogg of Battle Creek, Mich., in an ad-
dress tonight on "The Eugenics Registry"
before the second National Conference on
Race Betterment.
"Instead, of such an aristocracy," I)r.
Kellogg continued, "we are actually build-
ing up an aristocracy of lunatics, idiots,
paupers and criminals. These unfit per-
sons already have reached the proportions
of a vast multitude—1300,000 lunatics, 80,fHK)
criminals, loo,000 paupers, 90,000 idiots,
90,000 epileptics—and we are supporting
these defectives in idleness like real aris-
tocrats, at an expense of $100,000,000 a
year, and this mighty host of mental and
moral cripples is increasingly due to un-
restricted marriage and other degenerative
influences at a more rapid rate than the
sounder part of the population, so that
they are bound in time to constitute the
majority unless some check Is put upon
the increase. Every one of these lunatics
possesses tiie light to vote, even in States
where women are not given the right of
franchise."
Dr. Kellogg proposed a "scheme for race
betterment," which he thought should be
set in operation as speedily as possible.
This included the establishment of a
"health registry," on which should be re-
corded the results of an annual health
inspection of individuals made by a bu-
reau maintained by the State for the pur-
pose, and of a "eugenics registry," to ac-
complish in behalf of race hygiene "what
the health registry would seek to do for
personal health."
"The establishment of such a registry
will be one of the most effective means
of arousing an interest, in health as a
personal asset," he said, speaking of the
first. "Such a registry would be invalu-
able in connection with the operation of
restricted marriage laws. Of course, a
great educational work must be done for
the general public before such u registry
would be appreciated, or even tolerated;
but as the people become more intelligent
in relation to the value of health as a
factor in personal efficiency and a means
by which the physical welfare of the in-
dividual and of the race may be. promoted,
a healthy ambition toward bodily perfec-
tion will be developed, and in time health
as an asset will come to be esteemed as
more precious than gold.
"A eugenics registry would be the be-
ginning of a new and glorified human
race, which some time far down In the
future will have so mastered the forces of
nature that disease and degeneracy will
have been eliminated. Hospitals and
prisons will be no longer needed, and the
golden age will have been restored as the
crowning result of human achievement
and obedience to biologic law."
Another suggestion by Dr. Kellogg was
a health survey In every community at
least every five years.
"In this survey," he said, "notes should
be made of all particulars relating to
water supply, milk supply and other pub-
lic matters which might Influence health
but especially with reference to the exist
ence of degenerative disorders and
chronic Infections, especially insanity.
Whatever obstacles may present them-
selves at the start will rapidly disappear
as the public becomes enlightened In re-
lation to the objects sought by the sur-
vey. and the advantages which Individuals
as well as communities may gain there-
from."
Other proposals included State dispen-
saries "with every facility for the most
thoroughgoing Investigation of morbid
conditions"; regular systematic health in-
spection of schools, and the organization
of a thoroughgoing system of health edu-
cation by the State. "Physical perfection
contests embracing all ages should be in-
augurated in every community." he said.
"Medals should be awarded to the winners
In each grade. By means of lectures, mov-
ing pictures and other means the public
must be educated to an appreciation of
the importance of periodical medical exam-
inations for the purpose of discovering
the beginnings of nervous and other disor-
ders."
Only by constant selection of the best
can any race be improved, said Luther
Burbank, the plant specialist.
Environment and education alone cannot,
he said, make appreciable progress in the
improvement of the race. But with favor-
able surroundings and the selection of the
best types, the field for improvement Is
limitless.
Mr. Burbank described the possibilities
In plant life of "fixing characters which
benefit the species through natural selec-
tion. giving the new combinations new
abilities to advance."
"Abundant, well-balanced nourishment
and thorough culture of plants or ani-
mals," he said, "will always produce good
results In holding any species or variety
up to its best, hereditary possibilities, be-
yond which it cannot carry them, and
lacking which, maximum development can
never be realized. But a sharp line must
always be drawn between the transient
resists, temporarily attained through fa-
vorable environment and the permanent
results of selection of the best Individuals
for continuing the race.
"What would be the result if all apple,
plum, com, melon or petunia seed was
Indiscriminately planted? Soon worthless
mongrels only, having no character jfhd no
value for any purpose.
"Only by constant selection of the best
can any race ever be improved. No educa-
tion, no environment of any nature can
ever make any appreciable progress, even
though these same favorable surroundings
may produce through nges a definite but^
Infinitely slow increment, which by con-
stant repetition becomes slowly available
In heredity, but by no means fixed, so
that reproduction true to the better type
can be depended upon.
"It is becoming Increasingly necessary
to impress the fact that there are two
distinct lines in the Improvement of anv
race, one by favorable environment which
brlnirs Individuals up to their best possl
billtles: the other 10.00ft times more 1m
portnnt and effective— selection of the best
Individuals throueh a series of genera-
tions. By this means, and by this only,
can any race of plants, animals or men.
be permanently or radically improved.
When these two lines of action are com-
bined all the best oualltles of any type
are brought forth and fixed and the field
for improvement is limitless "
held up the order* for many week*, and the
motors were sold to other countries, which
also bought the output of the aeroplane
factories for months to come. So Russia
had t* wait.
Reports show that the German* di-
not do much bomb dropping on the Rus
slan lines. This confirms the Indications
that, after the first checks. Germany real
I zed that a purely military campaign In
such a country against the Russian forces
would be an unending war with temporarv
gains and losws on es<h side, and that
to retain positions erdned it would be
necessary to immediately bring up the
urn les. supplies, etc which was only pos-
sible with road». bridges and railroads.
Therefore, the method* were chinced,
and the campaign became more one of en-
gineering. and less milltarv. The Germans
advanced slowly. hnildlng railroads
bridges and trenches. «nd always attacking
In full force, with the maximum «treneth
behind them, and direct connection* with
and fa«t transportation to all points along
the front and
ipppl Buy one article, of many kinds, at a F
cut price and get another for ^ ^ 1 E
If You Can't Use Two Articles of the Same Kind, Bring Along
a Friend and Divide the Saving! But Come! A
"The Word JITNEY is SLANQ for Nickel," says Our Adman
The First Sale of Its Kind in the State of Texas
Monday and
Tuesday
We Introduce Our
Marvelous New
Mill=End Sale Sen=
sation
Jitney = Days
SELLING THOUSANDS
OF THINGS FOR Sc
J
-ygyr,^ tfiusw ('{•;1
» or t
f
We Reserve the Right to Limit Quantities on This Advertised Merchandise
"They said Kaufmans were
crazy to try to put on such a
sale, didn't they? Yes, indeed,
they did, but the wiseacres have
gone to thinking to provide
some scheme to get the biz-
ness" like our Jitney Sale has
caused. It can't be done. No
scheme can bring such crowds.
Just plain every-day ironclad
facts and merchandise priced
right is what caused this com-
motion and will keep it a-going
for -the next two days."
it
The Adman"
Extra 15c Pillow
Slip 5c
Buy one of these cambric hem-
med pillow slips of extra good ma-
terial.
And get another slip of exactly
the same quality, at 5c.
Extra Sale of House
Dresses 75c
Buy one of these gingham or per-
cale house dresses, neatly made and
trimmed and all sizes.
And get another dress of exactly
the same quality for on!y a nickel.
Extra Special 1 lb. Can
Talcum reg. 25c val. 13c
Buy a can of this Talcum Pow-
der in several odors.
And get an extra can of powder
of exactly the same quality at 5c.
Extra $1 Misses' and Women's
Bungalow Aprons at 5c
Buy one of these neat and com-
fortable Bungalow aprons, made of
quality ginghams and per- 'JE?
cales for I %JC
And get another one of exactly
the same quality at 5c.
Extra $2.00 Peffieoats
for 5c
Never has such petticoat values
offer been made of silk in all
shades and many different models,
$1.45.
And get another petticoat of ex-
actly the same quality for 5c.
White Skirts Made of Linen and
Honey Comb i\M5
These skirts have always been worth
more, but we want you—the public—to
know we have no competition. Buy one of
these linen, hobeycotnb or novelty skirts
with jitney pockets and some with belts.
And get another one of exactly
the same quality for 5e.
Extra $1.50 Boys' Wash Suits 5c
Buy one of these boys' wash suits
made of linene, Galatea or gingham
in Buster Brown, middy or blouse
style. All colors of checks, stripes
and white. Sizes 2/ to 10.
And get another suit of exactly
the same quality for 5c.
Extra 75c Boys' Sport
Blouses 5c
Buy one of these madras sport
model blouses for boys in solid col-
ors and stripes. Sizes 8 to 15.
And get another blouse of exactly
the same quality for 5c.
Extra 10c "Boss" Can-
vas Gloves 5c
Buy one pair of these "Boss" cot-
ton work gloves.
And get another pair of gloves
of exactly the same quality at 5c.
Extra 75c Blue or While Over-
alls. Sues up to 't'i, 5c
Buy one of these jumpers or over-
alls in white or blue. An extra
well made garment.
And get another one of exactly
the same quality at 5c.
Extra $3.95 Women's
Dresses 5c
Ituy one of these women's charming
slimmer froeks, made of splash voiles,
awning stripe voiles, coin dotted voiles,
Dresden crepes, Dolly Varden voiles, all
popular stripes and colors; made in true
dressmaker's fashion ; sizes from 13 to 41.
By adding another nickel to $3.95,
making in all $4.00, you will get
two dresses.
$3.00 to $5.00 Women's
Trimmed Hats 95c
A lot of women's and children's
trimmed summer hats, ranging in
price from $3 to $5, in very pretty
models of all sorts.
And get an etra hat of exactly
the same quality at 5c.
Extra 65c Gowns and
Petticoats 5c
For Women and (Jirls.
Gowns with high or low necks;
petticoats trimmed embroidery
flounce; umbrella drawers, model
brassieres; Princess slips in all col-
ors, and dressing sacquess.
And get another article above
described for only 5c more.
Extra 25c yd. of French
Organdy 5c
Buy one yard of this pretty flow-
ered French organdy in 40-inch
width, of all colors.
And get another yard of exactly
the same cloth at 5c.
Extra $1.98 Men's Mixed
Trousers 5c
Buy one pair of these men's
trousers in blue, gray, tan or other
mixed colors. Sizes 28 to 44.
And get another pair of exactly
the same quality at 5c.
Women's and Misses'
Dresses
$1.65
$3 to $6
Values
Buy one of these
voile, crepe, flowered
lawn, striped lawn or
gingham dresses, trim-
'med in embroidery and
colored buttons. Dandy
morning or porch
dresses. Sizes 14 to 50.
And get another dress
of exactly the same
quality at 5c.
Extra 35c
Ladies' C-
Underwear
Buy one of these knit union
suits, muslin drawers, lisle
thread vests and knit drawers
inall sizes.
And get another one of ex-
actly the same quality at 5c.
Extra Pair 50c
Pearl Cuff Cr
Buttons
Buy one of these sets of
pearl cuff buttons in several de-
signs. Nothing neater for any
and all occasions.
And get an extra pair of but-
tons of exactly the same quality
at 5c.
EXTRA SPECIAL
50c Silk Ties
35c
Buy one of these fine silk
neckties in every desirable
color wanted.
And get another tie of exact-
ly the same quality at 5c.
EXTRA $1.45
"Boss m C-
Overalls" ***'
Buy a pair of these overalls
or a jumper made of extra heavy
blue denim or express stripe.
Union made and well made
goods. Sizes 30 to 48.
And get another pair of ex-
actly the same quality at 5c.
Extra $7.50 Men's Palm
Beach Suit
5c
Buy one of these
men's Palm Beach
suits in solid colors,
in dark or light pat-
terns. Plain or Nor-
folk models. Sizes
from 33 to 50.
And get another
suit of exactly the
same quality at 5c.
Extra $1.50 Women's
Silk Shirtwaists 5c
Buy one of these beautiful silk Shirt_
waist* that we iust received; made of
good tub silk, silk mull; also some of
voile, lace and silk trimmed, In pat-
terns of coin dots, awning stripes and
solid colors; strictly autumn models.
And get another waist of ex-
actly the same quality for 5c.
Extra $1A5 Men's Dress
Shiris 5c
White, plain or pleated bosoms,
laundered or soft shirts with or
without collars in all sizes and col-
ors. Sizes 14 to 20.
And get another shirt of exactly
the same quality at 5c.
New Fall Dresses
Now $8.50
r.e of these beautiful new
.■■cs, made of satin messa-
ii: poplin and crepe de chine
in tt.c newest models shown for the
coming season. All sizes and col-
ors to select from.
And get another dress of exactly
the same quality and of same or any
other style you may wish for, by
paying only 5c for it.
$1.50 Children's Fall
Dresses
Buy one of these children's dress-
es, made of flowered crepe, white
lawn, percale and gingham, in many
new colors and shades. Sizes 1
to 14.
And get two dresses of eactly
the same quality by paying $1.55.
Just adding a 5c-piece more.
Extra 35c "Double Grip"
Supporters 5c
Buy a pair of these quality double
grip supporters in all colors.
And get another pair supporters
of exactly tne same quality for 5c.
Extra Yard 15c Cotton
Crepe 5c
Buy a yard of this 30-inch cotton
crepe for underwear.
And get another yard of exactly
the same quality at 5c.
Extra Yard 10c Flowered
Lau ns 5c
Beautiful, a yard of these beau-
tiful flowered lawns in colors, pink,
blue, lavender and yellow.
And get another yard of exactly
the same material at 5c.
Extra $2 Bisque Doll 5c
Buy one of these beautiful 24-
inch bisque dolls with tosca or dark
hair and brown or blue eyes.
And get another doll of exactly
the same quality for 5c.
Extra $1.50, $2 and $2.50
Men's Straw Hats 5c
Buy one of these men's or boys'
straw hats in soft or stiff straws of
all kinds and shapes, strictly fresh
stock.
And get another hat of exactly
the same quality at 5c.
Extra Pair 10c Men's Cot-
ton Hose 5c
Buy a pair of these men's cotton
hose in solid colors of black, tan,
gray, blue and white.
And get an etra pair of hose of
the same quality at 5c.
Extra Pair 35cMen's Silk
Hose 5c
Buy a pair of these men's all
silk hose with double heels, soles
and toes, in colors of black, navy,
tan, Palm Beach, gray and white.
Sizes 91-2 to 111-2.
And get an extra pair of hose of
exactly the same quality for 5c.
Extra Yard 10c Amoskeag
Apron Checks 5c
Buy a yard of this gingham in
apron check patterns, colors of
blue, pink, lavender, black, green
and brown.
And get another' yard of eactly
the same material at 5c.
Extra 10c Yard Bleached
or I nbleached Domestic 5c
Buy this 36-inch domestic,
bleached or unbleached. Etra good
quality.
And get another yard of the same
material at 5c.
Extra 25c Men's and Boys' Shirts
and Drawers 5c
Buy a pair of these balbriggan Porosknit or
Nainsook shirts and drawers in knee or long
length drawers and long or short sleeve shirts.
Sizes to 46.
And get another shirt or drawers exactly the
same at 5c.
Extra $1.95 Men's Silk
Front Shirts 5c
Buy one of crepe silk front shirts and cuffs
of silk to match in three colors. Sizes 14 to 17.
And get another shirt of eactly the same qual-
ity for 5c.
Mail Orders will
W * ALL JITNUYS STOP AT
No
not be filled if re-
ml Ik ITTinff A HTfk.1
Phone Orders.
ceived later than
14 Al LUAW \
No
Tuesday. All or-
Vm ri U F lflrlli
C. 0. D. Orders.
erds must have
B ^ ^ A *IJR * »* ■ ^ M
No Goods Sent
orders within.
"The Store That Does Thine* First"
on Approval.
Women's Palm Beach
and Cream Serge
Suits $9.00
Buy one of these women's tail-
ored Palm Beach Suits in plain or
Norfolk models. Full width skirts
with patch pockets.
And get another suit of serge
material at 5c.
Extra $1 Men's Sport
Shirts 5c
Buy one of these pretty men's
sport shirts, made of extra good
madras in neat stripped patterns.
Sizes from 14 to 17.
And get another shirt of exactly
the same quality at 5c.
Extra 39c Boys' Sport
Blouses 5c
Buy one of these neat gingham
sport blouses in solid coiors and
stripes. Sizes 8 to 15.
And get another of the same qual-
ity at 5c.
Extra $1.25 Boys' Sport
Shirts 5c
Buy one of these boys' fine
sateen or madras sport shirts in
white grounds and black or colored
stripes. Sizes 13, 131 j, 14 and
14 VS.
And get another shirt of eactly
the same quality at 5c.
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San Antonio Express. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 50, No. 220, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 8, 1915, newspaper, August 8, 1915; San Antonio, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth433122/m1/14/?rotate=270: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Abilene Library Consortium.