The Orange Leader (Orange, Tex.), Vol. 58, No. 32, Ed. 1 Monday, February 6, 1961 Page: 1 of 10
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.
BETTER GRADES
Neatness and orderliness can
help you make better grades
In arithmetic and math-
ematics. For suggestions on
“H o w To Improve Your
Grades,” see the sixth article
in a scries today on page 2,
The Orange Leader
VOL. LVIII—NUMBER 32
Member Associated Press
ORANGE, TEXAS, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1961
10 Pages 5„Cents
LATEST EDITION
BIG GAMES AHEAD
This week will be the moat
important one of the district
cage races for Orange, Little
Cypress, West Orange end
Mauriceville. Ail have games
ahead which determine their
respective leagues final finishes.
See details and other sports,
pages *-7,
Snowstorm,
Rare Tornado
Strike State
_ !
Bv THE ASSOCIATED PRESS ..highways were factors in several|
Snow poured down on parts of' highway deaths. • |
West and North Central Texas; lrte tornado hit the. Flout Bluff j
Monday after as much as' 12 inch-; are a near the coast Sunday morn-j
es of snow and-sleet felt during; *n~ l’Hli damage was Ujim.
the'weekend I Winds clocked at 82 miles per)
The storm which brought the h<wr ladi.d Kenedy, upsetting one.
snoyv moved slowly over the slate, h'ailer home and smashing trees)
-also bringing sleet and rain, and, and IV antennas, as a broad band
brewed a rare winter tornado. Ex- 01 violent thunderstorms moved |
' posure took one life. : across the southern part of the i
San Angelo and a number of , siate. l
'rural schools in that area Closed,! R*!ns UP 10 three inches sent]
following 8.5 inches of snow at ‘snaajl streams m Central and
Robert Lee. 20 miles north-aft of South Texas out-of them banks
that ‘West Texas ettv. and « inches An mtenstVe search was launched
at’Mertaon, 25 mitea to the west. Sunday for two Waco youths;
Two youths, feared lost on the hissing after hey attempted to.
North Bosque River, were found -navigate the flood-swollen North,
safe after hey left the river and,Bosque River m a canvas canoe
found refuge in a ranch. L.Snf.w -"ued falling- early
Temperatures in the snow- zone Monday as far south as Mas
were low but not as bitter as some Junction. Abilene and , Midland'
earlier season readings. Lowest.whh rams reported ma number
overnight figure reported was isof other sec: ions of the state. 1 he
at Amarillo while highest mini-,forecast wiled for continued cold
Kennedy Makes Bid
To Curb Gold Drain
By I RANK CORMIER lent $500 maximum be slashed tojsage cm the gold problem which
WASHINGTON (AP) — Presi-! *100 in order to discourage tour- Kennedy said "justifies concern
dent Kennedy today asked Con- 'Sf* from buying costly souvenirs but not panic or alarm.”
gross to cut-sharply the amount' with dollars which foreigners While the President had been
of foreign goods which American: could use to purchase American expected to make a request of
tourists can bring back to .the 1 Sold- this sort, some were surprised fcy
United States without paying cus- This was the most dramatic **■---*“* '* **" --------
toms duties. j recommendation made by Ken-
Kennedy proposed that the pres-jnedy in a 4,500-word special mes-
5-Year Foreign Aid
Plan May Be Asked
WASHINGTON (AP) — Presi- lions during the previous six years.
anf «»1, TL» _ __ i.l. 1 _____ _____ She n
mum was 44 at Brownsville.
: Snow reached Eagle Pass on the
Mexican border between Del Rio
and Laredo Monday, the first snow
in that area since November of
1957. .
Most highways were open al-
though some were treacherous.
The highway patrol discouraged
travel over U S. 82 between Ben-
jamin and Guthrie, in the Wichita
Fails area, and described High-
way 287 in the Henrietta and
Bowie area as very treacherous
because of* 3-4 inches of snow.
(See TEXAS, Page 5)
COUNTY RECORDS THIRD 1961 FATALITY
Beaumonter Dies as Car Veers Off Roadway
Beaumonter Killed in Auto Legislators
Accident Near Mauric Vote in Favor
Of Benefits
Orange County recorded its 'third,pled over and landed in a drain-jthe highway which would have
traffic fatality- to date this year]age ditch. [served as evidence on an attempt
___________ when a car veered out of control] It was neecssary to turn the 1961 to halt the car. The officers were
Sweetwater, 49 miles west of and toppled over into a drainage]model car over to free the driver.[assisted by Deputy Constable
Abilene, was buried under four to ditch early yesterday off Highway He was pinned in the front Seat Charles Morvent of Precinct 2.
five inches of snow and the stuff
still was coming down slowly Mon-
day morning. South of Sweetwater,
the fall was six to seven inches
12 near Mauriceville.
Killed almost instantly was L. A
Burkhart, 47, of 4639 Hartel St.
Beaumont. The single car accident
deep. Roads were open but dan-occurred at 1:45 a.m. about 2
underneath the steering wheel, ac-
cording to Judge J. G. Toups, jus-
tice of the peace of Preinct 3, who
conducted the coroner's inquest.
'■After, investigation, I returned
gerous. Schools in Sweetwater and {miles' west of Mauriceville . andia verdict of accidental death due vJtemeu «<*ui- ™ "‘vvai iohh 4
eight nearby towns were closed, [some 300 yards east of the Cow to a fractured skull as a result of [contacted Beaumont peii.ee around last week, the Senate quit until
dent Kennedy may ask Congress
soon to authorize a five-year for-
eign aid program aimed at in-
ducing other free natiqns to share
more of the burden, Sen. Mike
Mansfield, D-Mont., said today.
Mansfield, the Senate’s Demo-
cratic leader, said he expects
Kennedy to reshape the entire
[program. He will be surprised,
] the senator said in an interview,
j if Kennedy increases the $4-bil-
| Hon budget request of former
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
in this field.
| Mansfield said that as he un-
[derstands it, the long-range pro-
jgram would be based primarily
i on development loans and techni-
j cal assistance for countries which
(recently have gained their inde-
ipendence. He said he expects a
cutback in military aid.
"Under this program there
would be more sharing of the
burden by the Western European
AUSTIN, Tax, (AP)—'Legislators
voted themselves immediate social
Both the officers and judge.security deductions today shortly
snzssi cstt&w-ij* * j.r ••
.YVKfww .he brie, ,cM,|»h|e SVeT
Saturday. Concerned relatives had;a replay on some legislative movesless fortunate
A Panhandle cattleman died of
exposure in 15-degree weather aft-
er his truck stalled in. a snowbank
Bayou bridge.
At the time Burkhart was the j ported today.
j the car accident,’’ Judge Toups re-jl a.m., requesting that an effort [Hk 20 a.m. and the House until 11)
I'Ko rnarin tn IAdato kin nor Thic ! 3.m. TllPSfl^U i
, ... . . ovvoar.K. C(CCUp;lnt 0f a oar headed east: Highway Patrolmen Shirley
Three freight trains were oerauea towards Mauriceville believed en Swift and J. C. Lambert conduct-
'll the snow cxwered Fannariaie-jrfajte to Arkansas, The car veered ied a wreck investigation*. They
Plains. Ram-stock and ice-covered j0ff road on left side, top-'said no skid marks were found on I
★ ★ ★
The State Department reported
«S::;:rSS3t5?,S£lS^
lace. Funeral Home with the Rev. j Act.' The measure was approved
na-
The american total was over $12
billion.
The Democratic leader “said he
is convinced that only by long-
range planning can other free na-
tions be attracted to join in the
program. He said these nations
want to know what is going to be
done and how much it will cost
before they come in.
“If we plan further ahead than
we have been doing, I think the
net effect will be that we will be
able to reduce appropriations in
this field,” he said. ,
Kennedy asked in his State of
the Union message for more flexi-
bility in the program to meet
short-term emergencies, more,
commitments to long-term devel-
opment, and "new attention to
education at all levels.”
He asked for stand-by authority
to help Communist countries in
Eastern Europe with loans and!
grants, if that action were found
to be in the best interests of the
United States. He said he hopes
to explore with Poland the possi-
bility of using $365 million worth
of frozen assets in this country
on "projects for peace” in Po-
land. Informal talks have started
with Polish representatives but
still are in the exploratory stage.
(See AID, Page 5)
the extent of the proposed cut in
the customs exemption.
The move was certain to cause
concern in some countries, partic-
ularly Canada which entertains
more American tourists than any
other nation but which normally
doesn't buy U.S. gold.
Most other major proposals rep-
resented attempts to place new
emphasis on policies adopted ear-
lier by the Eisenhower adminis-
tration. For example, Kennedy
promised new efforts to expand
exports, attract foreign tourists,
limit military spending abroad
and channel foreign-aid dollars to
American businessmen.
One new idea: that Congress
permit banks to pay foreign gov-
ernments and central banks a
higher rate of interest than Amer-
icans receive on savings accounts.
The maximum rate now is three
per cent.
Kennedy said action along this
line "would enable American
banks to make a maximum com-
petitive effort to attract and hold,
dollar balances which might oth-
erwise be converted into gold.”
The effect could be significant
since the foreign deposits involved
total about $3 billion.
Kennedy also said the United
States will seek an international
review of (he free world’s mone-
tary system, with the aim of iron-
ing out some kinks. He hinted at.
possible tax law changes later to
discourage some kinds of private
American investment in Europe.
Kennedy said there is time to
deal with the gold drain “calmly
and deliberately” and declared it
can be stemmed without erecting
trade barriers or hamstringing
military and foreign aid pro-
grams. He said the first require-
ment “is to take all possible
steps to insure the effective per-
formance of our own economic
system.”
He described the proposals out-
(See KENNEDY, Page 5)
Piles High in Panhandle
J. M. Sibley, pastor of the Calvary) last week but not by a House vote
Dnrtl<i<4 /"' l* .. In 1 1 PllAllflLi trt Oilt-.-il i.ni m n
Snow Spreads Across Nation’s Midsection
Baptist Chu.rch, officiating.
The body will be taken to Sear-
cy, Ark., tomorrow at 11:45 a.m.
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS died
Snow spread across the central
section of the nation today after
piling up to « foot in depth, on
the Texas Panhandle,
The new snow zone extended
from Minnesota to northern Ar-
kansas. Falls of 2 to 4 inches
were expected in sections of east-
ern Missouri and southern Illinois.
The heavy .snow Sunday in the
Panhandle area of Texas derailed
three freight trains. A cattleman
large enough to put it into imme-
diate effect. The vote today clears
.the way for - the first regular
[Funeral services and burial there!monthly payroll since legislators
!will be under the direction of the!went on a $4,890 a year salary
j Daniels Funeral Home. | basis.
j Burkhart was a native of Searcy] The Senate approved a resolu-
and had lived in Beaumont for theition authorizing the M, D. Ander-
Mission, Fate Remain Mystery
Soviet Still ’Hush-Hush’ About New Sputnik
Start Is Delayed
Liner's Adventure-Jaded
Passengers Look Homeward
RECIFE, Brazil /AP)—Most ofje Her former captor, rebel Capt.
the Santa Maria’s adventure- Henrique Galvao, also stayed in
jaded American passengers look ] Recife. He is restricted by Rrazi-
forward to returning to home soil]ban police for the time being,
today, but it seems there will be Respite a promise of political
a slight delay. (asylum.
Thirty-eight of the Americans! Most of the Santa Mdria's- Re-
started'out'by plane-Sundav.night. r°Pean passengers were on their
Thev were booked to board the,way to Lisbon aboard the sister
Real Flight 892 for Miami at:ship Vera Cruz—this time accom-
Belem. an Amazon delta city) (See LINER, Page 5)
1,950 miles northwest of Recife
exposure in 15-degree .the crippling effects of snow that!past 15 years. He was service]-son Hospital at Houston to add a Union maintained an enigmatic
weather after his truck stalled in [ranged up to 40 inches late last! manager for Addressograph-Multi- j $4 million research wing to its fa-! , , b .
a snowbank. [week. [graph Corp. for whom he had]duties, at no cost to the'state. The]ancl unusual silence today on the
. A tornado hit the Flour Bluff] - Back-to-work was the order of I worked for the past 17 years. He [money will come from grants andi0^85'00 anc* fate of its massive
district near Corpus Christi, Tex., the day in New York City in the was a member of the Calvary Bap-1 donations, but legislative author- new Sputnik. Western tracking
Sunday, but damage was light, j w ake of the worst snowstorm in [tist Church. ! izaticarto receive* it was.necessqry. stations picked up no trace of the
Snow continued to fall early to-[13 years. [ Survivors include his widow,[The resolution now goes to theisatellite,
day In northern Texas. j Subway cars and buses there Mrs. Lena Burkhart; a son, L, J,'House, ./ . [A Soviet scientist. Prof. Yev-
Rain, snow and sleet put alw,re jammed because- of an Burkhart with, the U.S. Army ini Rep, Sam Collins -of Newtonigeny Leonodivich Klinov, hinted
treacherous coating on highways | emergency order barring private [Germany; and three sisters, Mrs.'proposed a constitutional amend-[the seven-ton satellite, whose
------ —* Kansas,|automobiles from the streets. The R- A. Martin of Rosebud, Ark,, meat in the House to set up a $290[launching was announced Friday,
(Long Island Rail Road reported [Mrs. J. R. Kirkpatrick of Jackson, ] million state program for encour-jwas unmanned. He said it was
throw off lit was carrvine almost three [Miss., and Mrs. George McVey oft-aging industrial development. Pro-! ' 1 ' : r
............... [times the normal*’number of com- Searcy, Ark. , reeds of the bonds would be
limiters. A spokesman said about) |loaned to manufacturing and proc-
[700.900 commuters were being
MOSCOW (AP) — The .Sovjet designed to study the earth and
in Oklahoma, eastern
Iowa and. Missouri.
The East . strove to
its environment.
Moscow's official silence was in
direct contrast to previous satel-
lite launchings, when Soviet scien-
tists routinely announced how
equipment was functioning and
the schedule of cities to be passed
over.
Western experts speculated that
either something went wrong with
the new satellite or the Soviets
were keeping some spectacular
commuters were
transported today in* contrast to
the normal load of 80,400.,
Transportation, power and tele-
phone services, were being re-
stored rapidly in New England,
Some thawing was in prospect
there.
Tlie storm was blamed for al-
most .100 deaths.
Air,, rail and bus schedules were
Cigarette
Lighter
Saves Lives
essing firms wishing to' locate in
Texas. A similar proposal is In the]
Senate.
Rep.- V. E. Berry of,San Antonio I
introduced a proposed constitution-
al amendment in the House to re-
quire registration of all voters in
cities above 10,000 and counties
above 300,990.
The Senate discussed two bills
changing procedures for filing tax
Bid Rigging, Price Fixing
Six Large Electrical Companies
Are Fined Total of $150,000
Xia.r:SboufUhS ElectricalanCdtn^e^inghousej'W^ji^eju^^^] CulIen Caney de-
sonable service would be Khi no Z,, were raised, among them, were fined a total! bribed the case involving 79 of
stored today. ltnAJ “L “™™.fd,,„,p One bjil[by Sen. .William.Moore ] of $150,009 today on the first of 20 the nation-s biggest electrical
The city’s twp'major airports,LN, Pilot. Bill Bradley, 20. of Ala-[dealet? -who now must charge a: jail term-, one. of the. few times a
development a secret until its
success was assured.
Western scientists especially
noted the Soviets seemed in no
hurry to answer speculation that
the Sputnik might toe carrying a
man through space. The satellite
is iarge enough to carry an astro-
naut—and perhaps two.
Italy’s Communist party news-
paper L’Unita reported in a Mos-
cow dispatch that the Sputnik
"almost certainly” was unmanned.
Britain's leading satellite-track-
ing expert. Prof. Bernard Lovell,
; director of die Jodrell Bank
(Tracking Station, said, “there is
certainly something- rather odd
.: about the long Russian silence on
the satellite’s progress.’’
He suggested the Sputnik's
radio may have broken down or
the Soviets might be transmitting
on frequencies pot used before.
"It may be, of course, that
there is sofhe living thing on
board—not necessarily a man —
and the Russians are saying
nothing until they get the satellite
safely back to earth.” he said.
"If the silence continues, I
a shocking indictment shall be inclined to believe that
(See WEATHER, Page 5)
But a Real spokesman in Miami
said the 802 flight was delayed
for some reason and would not
arrive in Miami until 4:30 a.m.
Tuesday. - >'
That will make It two full weeks
since the scheduled docking of the
Santa Maria at Port Everglades,
Fla., a port of call that the'luxury]
Four Killed in Luanda
[Rioting During Funeral
LISBON, Portugal (APV
mosa, were rescued Sunday morf)-!
_ ing, from the skJpes of Mt, Blanca, i .
BradlejSs brother, Jack, a!
searqhifig- pilot, spotted their!
.crude “help” appeal tramped in!
[the snow. Within an hour a Weasel"]
, j—a tracked vehicle for going over
[deep snow—reached them, / J
Alt were hospitalized here.’
Flovd and- B'faaley wittered,-aeepj
(See SENATE, • Pag§ S) ’ defendant was sentenced to jail
Fidel Takes Over Control
Of Water for U.S. Base
vast segment of our econ-
omy.” He said the defendants
"mocked the image” of. the na-
tion’s free enterprise system.
General Electric and Westing-
house each received $40,090 fines
on the first count, involving the
sale of power transformer equip-
ment. On the same count. Judge
Janey fined Allis-Chalmers $25,-
000; MoGraw-Edison $20,000; Mo-
loney Electric Co., $15,000 and
Wagner Electric $10,000.
In his pre-sentencing remarks,
liner missed when Portuguese; persons were reported killed
TV: S.s,ed w sr * t5r^|i^«ircKTss*s^
Four (Friday were'marching on thetpo-i^a5® cuts and bruises. Miss Floyd] IjAVANA (AP)
and;lice station or staging an uprising{su“ere" „a , ji !water company
wounded Sunday during ] a'ganst Salazar’s dictatorship. He Wl'r]‘i Std'] U S. naval base
„ , ] Judge Ganey said those who gutd-
— The Cuban j tied campaign, to link the Roman: (be companies “bear a grave
supplying the .Catholic Church here and the new responsibility for what has hap-
4 Guantanamo (Kennedy administration in Wash-! per.ed. Accordingly heavy fines
to her Portuguese owners, lay at
Portugal’s West' African territory |dian eyewitness to the” shooting]
feet.
over by Fidel Castro's govern- [tionaries.
of Angola.
The Portuguese
said it developed from a 'police] The piarnf crashed in'severe ic-jment. So far, however,- there has! Remarks at a teachers’ rally
news
Qata. from U.S. Wcathtr Bureau
OUTLOOK — Cloudy and told through
Tomorrow with occasional roln loday. most
ly endJno tonisht. klLgh .temoia-aluies..ioddy
near 50 degrees, low tonight about 35
and high tomorrow, 44. Small craft warn-
ings remain displayed for northeasterly
winds, 14 1o 20 m.p.h. and occasionally
up to 25 m.p h.
TIDES — Sobine: high, *:43 a.m.. 1:20
».m.; low, 12:37 a.m., 4:39 p.m Bolivar
high, 9:51 d m., 2:28 p.m.; low, 2:33 a m
1:35 p.m.
SUN—rises 7:01 a m., sets 5 58 p.m.
YESTERDAY — Temperatures high *2,
lew 37, rank 48-
flight from’ been no interruption in the base’s
Sunday by President Osvaldo Dor-
ticos and Education Minister Ar-
mando Hart also suggested a
her berth in Recife taking on
water, fuel and food. She is to B______ ______, r._ ___________________________ ______„ ..
depart late Sunday for Lisbon/ Lusitania /Lported shooting broke! revelers at 4 a.m. iDenver to Alamosa in southwesT-water supply,
with her old crew and old skipper, out durihg a funenrt procession! na Silva however sa;d Satur* ern Colorado. One, vying was; .The riaya! base made arrange-
------—for seven policemen and soldiers] day the police had’ crosh^ aV^PP^ off tht‘ 'TM plane but a’meats -ome time ago to get an j long - anticipated government
killed, in a clash Friday betwear:armed uprising supposedly timed' (See LIGHTER. Page, 5)
a, mob and police armed with mayhvith the. ill-fated seizure of the'
f-TCirvn nun: .Mine Civilians ry. ..............
jbhine guns, • Nine civilians also; Portuguese liner Santa Maria by
were killed in the battle. [rebels ow>o*ing Salazar. He said
'Gov.-Gen. Alvaro da Silvg Ta-[Luanda’s' -police headquarters and
vares of Angola said all of Sun- j civil ■ and military prisons were,
day's victims were rioters. Pa;attacked by rioters trying to free]
Silva was in the funeral pboces-1 prisoners
»*«! ¥ tjS2re was ro ideation ( tourist from Toronto, Harry
that the firing was direct:d atiJurgepssen, said he saw the fight-
n,SJ’' f, , . , c J... king, in a squalid suburb reserved
Da Silva claimed he has ev -ijor Africans and poor whites,
dence the rioters were partisans) w sjckl.ni„s and h„F?itfle.”
of a Commtmist-mspirod move- h said ..The p|aCc ktuked like)
• .* i
Peninsula” ‘ Jurgenssen said lie*was•totinm:•
Spokesmen for Premier" Antonio'the city wh.-n he heard noises that
de Oliveira Salazar’s regime said! smqided hke merrymaking and
weapons dancing on a side street at 4 a m.
adequate water supply by tank-1 move against private and Catho-
ers if necessary. But one of the ilie schools is imminent,
now gnvtM-qment administrators* Dorticos accused the church
for the'Vatviras Aqueduct Co., An- and its schools of -teaching hat-
tf.nio Batista- said .operations’red .for Castro’s revolmion. He
would continue W before.. ’said growing anti-Castro , activity; Qf ^ indictnvalt
Involving the sale of power trans-
formers.
Allis Chalmers Manufacturing
something went wrong shortly
after the launching.” (Lovell said.
Japanese scientists said they
picked up signals being transmit-
ted today on frequencies normally
used by Soviet satellites but said
the signals seemed to be coming
from a fixed station and not an
orbiting object.
The Soviet press continued to
give the Sputnik big propaganda
treatment, reporting Soviet and
foreign reaction to the launching.
But no details of the satellite’s
progress were given.
Prof. Klinov was '’ quoted by
Moscow' radio as saying the satel-
pened. Accordingly heavy fines Ute was designed "to study the
will be imposed on the com pa earth as a planet and to make a
nigs.", ' study of its nearest environment,
As for the individual defend-; ^thjt of in^eoritic^dan-
ants, Ganey said he would impose
jail terms only on those responsi-
ble for corporation policy.
The case involves 29 of the na-
tion’s largest electrical equipment
manufacturers and 45 of their
employes. ,
General Electric, like 'Westing-
house,, was fined $40,900 on the
The Yateras Company,' located]within the.church coincides with,
im a l iter ’of the same name a President Kennedy’s increase„ of
i few -mi’es northwest of Guafttan- laid to Cuban refugees in Florida.
imo first contracted • to supply! Hart told the rally the govern-, .......
-the base >n 1939. The original 20-intent will not allow public schodls Co. received a $2a,000 f ne
«*. *».....;.. st
private ments for fixing prices andt rig-
er^.type
’.....ihe company,, founded by Henri’schools — 265 among
expanded ideas mat poison ana intoxicate hlroest electrical be available for a big weiner. roast
REASONING — One downtown
the base. The Navy
them in 1941 and 1942. ’ students.
The government said it took Both Hart and Dorticos made
over the companv because the it clear that Cuba's school ,sys-
modern Czechoslovak weapu„, - • ._______
urpra cixi/(.k(i Kir nrtHpp in Hritliiv’si S3W 3 ,dp?.6n men n^ntin,-,v/»vi r ■ , , - ,
_i_.il ' * ■ Japiong themselves and hundreds,’ “Last week my Leader Want, owners afbandoned the property, tern has no room for *oy teach-
over uir uciuru
The rfation’s biggest electrical
makers — Westinghouse and Gen-
eral Electric—were hamed in 19
indictments each. Westinghouse
pleaded guilty to seven; GE guilty
(See ANTITRUST, Page J)
and was in a different
category than earlier Soviet Sput-
niks that took dogs and other
animals into space.
A Soviet physicist, Prof. V.
Fedynsky,/ said the Sputnik was
shot into an orbit that carried it
203.1 miles from the earth at its
highest point and 138.5 at its low-
est. He said it would circle the
earth every 89.8 minutes and yield
new data on top layers of the
earth’s atmosphere.
ORANGE JUICE |
GOOD MANAGEMENT - Stu-
dents at Oates Elementary School
helped gather small debris on the
1
f 1
IS!
l
I
■
I
,rl
merchant has this to say about
some -of his business: "A mer-
chant’s problem is to keep the
stall out of installment."
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Browning, J. Cullen. The Orange Leader (Orange, Tex.), Vol. 58, No. 32, Ed. 1 Monday, February 6, 1961, newspaper, February 6, 1961; Orange, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth558918/m1/1/?q=little+elm: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Lamar State College – Orange.