The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 83, Ed. 1 Friday, September 7, 1928 Page: 2 of 8
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Texas Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Portal to Texas History by the Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial Library.
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Page
BEACH SAYS
NINE FEET IS
BIG ENOUGH
(Continued from page 1)
done on the Arroyo, but also for the
channel across the Laguna Madre
and the channel through the island
with necessary jetties. It may be
that you cannot, at this time, con-
struct a channel 100 feet wide
through Lagune Madre and the is-
land, but an eighty foot channel will
serve your purpose admirably.
“My reasons for this recommenda-
tion are that you do not have in
sight in the Valley at this time and
you will not have for several years,
tonnage that will justify the calling
at your port of large ships. What
you do need, it seems to me, is a
channel that will acommodate pleas-
ure boats, barges and small freigh-
ters engaged in a coastwise trade.
With that kind of a channel you
may begin to develop your water
transportation and when it has been
developed to sufficient proportions
you may enlarge it as the necessity
seems to demand, bearing in mind
that all of the work you may do on
a nine foot channel will be just
that much applied against the lar-
ger channel and none of it will be
wasted.
“Your funds available may not
and probably will not permit the
straightening of the Arroyo as pro-
vided in this report which I have
just made, but they will permit the
dredging of the shoals to the end
that you will bave a serviceable
channel. It is also to be taken into
account that the maintenance of a
nine foot channel across the island
will be practically nothing for sev-
eral years.”
Costs of Sixteen Feet
In regard to the sixteen foot chan-
nel designed to acommodate the
very largest boats of that depth,
General’s Beach’s estimates are as
follows:
“If the Navigation District should
obtain a price of nine cents per cu-
bic yard for the dredging work, the
estimated cost would be:
Southern Route to Point
be
It
Isabel
$2,499,030
Northern route through
Padre Island ------------------ 1,966,500
Jetties to 18 feet depths... 726,600
$2,693,190
“The Southern Route becomes
slightly cheaper at this rate, owing
to the fact that all the work on this
line shares in the reduction of price
while the cost of the jetties on the
northern line remains fixed. This
spall difference in cost of construc-
tion will be more than offset by the
increased cost of maintenance on the
southern route, due to its greater
length.”
General Beach explained in this
connection that the cost of a chan-
nel to acommodate the shorter six-
teen foot boats would be materially
less and the work might be done for
$1,500,000, depending upon the price
for the dredging. As regards this,
we are quoting him directly as fol-
lows:
Two Routes Considered
“In developing a waterway six-
teen feet deep from Harlingen to
the Gulf of Mexico, two general
routes present themselves, both fol-
lowing the Arroyo Colorado to a'
point about twenty miles northeast
of the city, measured in a straight
line, and thence easterly by a north-
easterly line to the Laguna Madre
for a further distance of about seven
miles. From here the two lines di-
verge, one going on across the La-
guna Madre and the other souther-
ly to a point near Point Isabel to
which it is hoped by the people of
Brownsville that the federal govern-
ment will bring deep water when it
establishes a port behind Brazoi
Santiago Pass.
“It is regarded as impracticable to
establish a waterway from Harlin-
gen to deep water without utilizing
the Arroyo Colorado for at least the
first eighteen miles, measured in a
straight line, for any route which
may be considered, for the country
immediately on the east of the city
lies at too high an elevation to per-
mit a sixteen foot waterway to be
constructed through the land at a
practicable cost..
“The Arroyo Colorado offers the
only feasible route through this
high land and must be followed for
the western portion of any line se-
lected. Some of its bends are too
sharp to permit passage by vessels
of a size suitable to make use of a
channel sixteen feet in depth and
will have to be given a larger ra-
dius It will be advisable to entirely
remove the two large bends in the
lower course of the Arroyo. This
can readily be done by making the
short cut-offs necessary through the
east land. Bends having a radius
of curvature of less than two thous-
and (2000) feet should be eased off
to permit the passage of large boats.
Misses High Ridges
“It will be preferable both on
account of the saving of time of
vessel passage and also cost of con-
struction to carry the route no fur-
ther north than necessary and to
leave the line of the Arroyo before
it reaches the delta, thence laying
the line in such direction that it will
miss the high ridges, of which there
are several in this part of the coun-
try. From the point where it will
intersect the probable line of the in-
tracoastal canal, if that waterway
should ever be established between
Corpus Christi Bay and Point Isabel,
the two routes diverge.
“The route to the Gulf of Mexico
pursues a course a little to the
north of east across Laguna Madre
and Padre Island, reaching deep
water in the Gulf of Mexico at a
distance of eight (8) miles. In this
report this is termed the Northern
Route.
The route via Point Isabel fol-
lows a direction to the east of
south following the general line of
the shore for twenty miles to the
lower end of the Laguna and then
turns easterly for a further distance
of four miles to Point Isabel. This
has been called the Southern Route.
“In describing the routes, it will
probably be simplest to consider
them from deep water towards Har-
lingen, and_ the Point Isabel route
will be considered first.
Southern Route
Point Isabel to Junction of Routes.
This portion involves no other
work than dredging. The line should
follow as closely as possible that
considered by the United States en-
gineers as best suited for the Intra-
coastal Canal in preparing their re
port upon that proposed waterway.
They followed the western coast
line fairly closely probably for the
double purpose of making the water
way accessible without having
construct laterals to communities
which may be established.
Northern Route
Sea Entrance and Jetties.
The first portion of the northern
route to be considered will be the
entrance from the Gulf of Mexico
and the jetties extending seaward
from Padre Island which must be
built to protect it. The jetties,
built to the 18 foot depth, can
easily extended at any time,
might be good judgment to build the
jetties at first to the depth of 18
feet only, pending the development
of commerce over the route, leaving
the extension to follow when the
growing commerce justifies it and
the finances of the District renders
it easier. Of this question the Com-
missioners must be the judges.
Quoting again directly from the
report:
Comparison of North and South
Routes
“From the junction of the two
routes, the channel to Harlingen is
one and the same, consequently any
difference which exists between
them must lie in the relative ad-
vantages and disadvantages of the
two lines from the sea to this
point.
“The exposure to weather would
be the same by either route.
“There is no prospect of any com-
merce developing in the northern
route between the junction and the
sea. The only freight movement
which could originate on the south
ern route seaward of the junction
is that which would tend to seek the
vessel at Point Isabel rather than
at Harlingen. It is not believed that
any freight would use this point,
rather than Harlingen, for a glance
at the map of either Cameron coun-
ty or the Lower Rio Grande Valley
will show that Harlingen is nearer
to all of that territory, except
small area of land, mostly covered
by lagoons, immediately back of
Point Isabel, measuring along the
lines by which freight would be
moved.
“The time of vessel passage by the
two routes is greatly in favor of
the northern route; from the junc-
tion to the sea on this line, the dis-
tance is only eight miles as against
29 miles by the southern route. As
large vessels would be required to
slow down materially in passing
through the dredged channels, the
21 miles more in each direction would
be a handicap for the southern
route inside of the pass at Brazos
Santiago. As most of the traffic
would be coastwise, by far the lar-
ger number of vessels would have
an additional 24 miles to travel in
the Gulf in each direction between
the Padre Island entrance and Bra-
zos Santiago. This would make the
southern route in most cases 90
miles longer than the northern
route.
Difference In Costs.
“If it should be
the southern route the riprap would
have to be used for the entire dis-
tance of 24 miles on the outside of
the east embankment only, and for
this work, 12 miles would probably
cost $2.00 per lineal foot, and 12
miles $4.00 per lineal foot or a total
of $380,160. On the northern route
the riprap would be used for prob-
ably 4 miles on the outside of both
the north and south embankments at
a cost of about $2.00 per lineal foot,
or a total of $84,480.
“In maintenance the additional 16
miles of dredged channel of the
southern route would make this line
the more expensive after construc-
tion.
“Riprap has not been used upon
the Houston Ship Channel across
Galveston Bay, and the embank-
ments have been permitted to wash
down. This dredged cut is in a gen-
eral direction parallel to that of
tidal flow and the maintenance costs
have averaged about $8,800 per mile
of channel yearly. It was found al-
most impossible to keep the Texas
City Channel, which crossed the line
of tidal flow, open continuously
without providing its embankment
with a protection which was given
in the form of a timber revetment,
which has been mentioned earlier in
this report.
“The wave wash in Laguna Madre
would not be as severe as in Galves-
ton Bay, and both embankment pro-
tection and maintenance would cost
less.
_ “The maintenance cost of the jet-
ties should be very small if they are
built so as to prevent the stone
setting into the sand.
Channel Across Padre Island
“This portion is in the land lying
between the Gulf of Mexico and
Laguna Madre. The character of
material to be moved is probably
very similar to that which will be
encountered in the Laguna, except
that there may be more sand on
top. It will be advisable to place
the dredged material several hun-
dred feet back from the cut.
“Until a survey to determine the
actual location of the channel is
made, it will be impossible to state
what the width of the part of the
island concerned will be, nor its ele-
vation. A survey made now might
not give the figures which conditions
a year from now could' present at
the same locality.
“For estimating the cost of this
portion of the work, the island has
been assumed a mile wide with an
elevation of 8 feet at its highest
part and gradual sand slopes to this
height.
The slopes of all dredged cuts
have been taken as 1-3 whether be
low or above water. It is the ex
perience of the Houston Ship Chan
nel that slopes steeper than this
will not maintain themselves, and it
is much cheaper to make the slopes
permanent, if possible, on the first
cut than to go the expense
bringing the dredge back for the
purpose of removing material which
has caved into the channel.
Channel Across Laguna Madre Be-
tween Padre Island and Junction
of North and South Routes
In making the d od cut across
the Laguna Madre, i.. will be better
to place the material removed from
the channel on both sides of the cut
than to put it on one side only. One
advantage of the double bank will
be the protection against refilling
of the channel which will be thus
given. If one side should be left
open, there will be a tendency for
the currents produced by wind and
tide to bring in the sand and silt
from this side. A double line for
deposit of the dredged material may
serve as a slight windbrake in case
of strong cross winds.
“The embankments should be set
back at least 300 feet from the
edge of the channel, for the purpose
of affording^ easier passage for ves-
sels, to diminish the danger from
filling, if the lower portion of the
outside slopes are not protected
against wave wash and the embank-
ment allowed to wash down and also
to permit more economical widening
of the channel should this be desired
at some future date. The reason
why the greater width between em-
bankments will facilitate the pas-
sage of vessels is that in a narrow
channel the vessel pushes a large
wave of water in front of it which
tries to run past the boat to the
point behind it where the water is
lower. This wave always increases
the resistance to the boat’s progress
and vesselmen describe the effect bj
saying that the boat has
THE MERCEDES NEWS. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1928
Kitchen Campaigner
Winter, Minne-
Mrs. Thomas G.
apolis, Minn., clubwoman, who will
direct the Republican “kitchen cam-
paign.” It will be Mrs. Winter’s job
to line up housewives and their
daughters in support of Herbert C.
Hoover. She will seek to have his
photo hung up in the kitchens of
America just as it was in the days
of the food administration.
county. Waves under these circum
stances can do considerable damage
and would require a substantial re-
vetment to resist them.
“Riprap can be placed and re-
placed without an expensive plant
and can be repaired, if damaged,
without the necessity of calling a
contractor. It is very difficult to
state, in a case like that of an em-
bankment across the Laguna Madre,
just how much riprap should be us-
ed. A covering of stone extending
to a height of 2 1-2 feet above ordi-
nary water level will be sufficient
to protect the outer slopes against
any except storm waves, along the
northern route. It is probable that
a cubic yard to each three lineal feet
will be sufficient for the depths
which will be found in crossing the
Laguna, at any rate it is recommend-
ed that this amount be first tried
if it should be decided to riprap the
embankments. More can be readily
added whenever needed at a cost not
much greater than if placed at one
time. The stone for this riprap
should all be what is termed “small
stone” in building the jetty and can
be most economically handled by a
travelling derrick which can swing
it by one operation in skips from
car on barge to place of deposit.
Portion Common
if possible, tliree hundred feet of
clear opening through them, so as
to permit the movement of tide back
and forth. It would probably be
better to make this space in three
“This portion extends westerly for
a distance of almost one mile and
then northwest to the Arroyo Colo-
rado meeting it about a mile north
of the point where that body of
water turns abruptly northward,
that point being six miles from the
turn in the channel or
as a mile wide, rising to a height of
8 feet at the higher part. It is
quite probable that the line to be
dredged may be located at a nar-
rower portion and that also if sand
dunes are encountered, their mass
will not exceed the average assum-
ed, which is regarded as liberal.”
In respect to Harlingen as a port
General Beach says:
“Harlingen is the most rapidly
growing town of the district known
as the Lower Rio Grande Valley of
Texas, which is that part of the
state lying adjacent to the boundary
river and extending to such a dis-
tance from it as can be served by
the waters of that stream for irri-
gation purposes. The soil is all al-
luvial land deposited by the Rio
Grande in geological ages past and
like all soil laid down in thin layers
obtained from the top soil of other
regions further up stream, is par-
ticularly fertile. This fertility com-
bined with a climate which encour
ages plant growth the year round
permits two and even three crops
to be raised upon the same tract, and
owing to the fact that its vegetables
can be made ready for market ear-
lier than those of any other section
of the United States except the very
southern tip of Florida, its products
ought to bring good prices when
.. • Har-
lingen is at practically the same
latitude as Miami, Florida, and is
three hundred and fifty miles south
°f«the ImPerial Valley of California.
“Its people are wide awake and
progressive, losing no opportunities
to extend their commercial influ-
ence and to add to the attractive
Laguna, and also by several sandy
ridges, generally running in a north
and south or northeast and south-
west direction with elevations vary-
ing between fifteen and thirty feet
above sea level.
from the junction. * Ifeatures °f locality. A water-
the iaS = | S “
openings, so located as to best dis- Ilevel or a
kvelTr aS little“lgh 'TT I LaS™™Madre°I^ tweX”sb miks
of the city. / is claim-
“The Laguna Madre through or
across which such a connection
would have to be made, is what
newspaper men of today would term
an alleged body of water about 90
miles in length lying between Pad-
re Island on the east and the main-
land on the west. Its northern ex-
tremity is in.Corpus Christi Bay and
its southern extremity connects with
the Gulf of Mexico by Brazos San-
tiago Pass, some eight miles north
of the international boundary at the
mouth of the Rio Grande and by a
smaller opening known as Boca
Chica about half way between those
two localities. With the closing of
Corpus Christi pass, by natural cau-
ses some forty or more years ago,
the tidal flow in and out of the La-
guna was greatly diminished with
the result that the flow of water
from the two ends has not been suf-
ficient in recent years to keep pace
with the evaporation. The salt de-
posited has further diminished the
area of the waterway so that in-
stead of a lagoon from seven to
twelve miles wide which existed a
century ago, the Laguna of today
consists of mud, salt and sand flats
several miles wide on each side, with
a bit of water a mile or two in
width but only a few inches deep be-
tween them. The tidal inflow from
the ends is often insufficient to
reach the middle portion of the long
length of lagoon and it is at times
entirely bare and without any water
whatever.
tribute the flow, but if it should be end being through land gradually I ed bv snmp * u ,
desirable for any reason there would risinS Horn water level to an eleva- of the Rio Granl °Id bed
doubtless he ™ tion of five W of a _______ XT 01 TJKl° grande, while others
are
doubtless be no objection to provid- Hon of five feet at the Arroyo. None equallv Dositive thntV •
°^ofe;^!|nel passe/ isZder| S^tt^es^S rf
cient on account of the reduced fric- the deposit of the dredged material unusukllv hich n 7 •
*0 ™*« flow «*y would | should not be any detriment to its | St TJSZ&ZZZl ‘the
tion to water flow and they would I should not
involve less maintenance cost, both use or adversely affect
Rio
on account of
the reduction of I ™e eastern portion of the ehlnnet I SfinThfwLaMadreT' T
number of places where filling of fven where in ground below water of several branches o^vf co*s'sts
the channel would occur, and also level» Wl11 be in such shallow water depth, forming a small S»ShaU°W
on account of the fact that there a.nd he so protected by island that “Between Harlin^n ^H ^- ^ ,
would be only six sides to secure I for the embankments will ta, the Arroyo Colorado” a sinrfe
Trip Tnflfoviol ___ ___i t . igtc
Padre Island
I “Padre Island throughout its
length consists of sand dunes and
low flat stretches only a few feet
above sea level. In some places the
dunes shift greatly with the wind,
in other parts of the island they ap-
pear to be fixed by the plant growth
upon them. The low places at sev-
eral points on the island extend en-
tirely across it from the Gulf of
Mexico to the Laguna Madre; some
of these places are entirely covered
by storm waves and exceptionally
high tides, but there appears to be
no tendency of the gulf to cut across
the island as far as has been ob-
served by the few people who are
acquainted with the localities.
“The United States Engineers of-
fice at Galveston recently made an
examination of the Laguna Madre
in connection with the report to be
made by it concerning the advisa-
bility of extending the Intracoastal
Canal from Corpus Christi Bay to
Point Isabel and also a connection
from the canal to Harlingen by way
of the Arroyo Colorado. The offi-
cer who made the field examination
of the conditions which would prob-
ably be encountered, reports that no
rock was found within twelve feet
of the surface on either the main
line of the canal south of the Ar-
royo or in the latter waterway.
“Concerning the character of the
material to be excavated in the Ar-
royo, he says, ‘The banks and bot-
tom are generally a stiff red or yel-
low-red clay, some strata showing
small lumps of caliche. Bars and
shoals showed depths of four to
nine feet of soft gray mud, sand or
clay. The mounds in the delta
showed cross-bedded and mixed sand,
silt and clay, the flats being sand
and silt.’ As far as can be ascer-
tained by inquiry among those best
qualified to know, there is no stone
within sixteen feet of sea level
which would be encountered on any
line selected from Harlingen to the
Gulf nor is there any likelihood of
sunken logs or tree stumps being
found by the dredges.”
Multigraphing
Yes, Sir, that’s our business! We have the
most complete letter shop in South Texas.
Multigraphing and mimeographing done
promptly and done right. Mailing lists fur-
nished, filling in—envelope addressing—
signing—folding—inserting—mailing. Com-
plete letter service. James Advertising Ag-
vuC7' oln Hidalgo Bank Bldg-. Mercedes.
Phone 309.
f*HEST COLDS
1. CAN BE BELIEVED
^ BY THE PROMPT USE OF
ABSORBO
against scour instead of the larger j burdly be needed. The material re
openings....... | dTp“a” lSst“tt°e^rom I “edT^and^ tw° h“-
“It is likely that the Chief of En- the t0P of the cut on each side as on out sufficient tTacmm T? *hro“gh'
gineers of the United States army the island and in the Laguna. '--------- accommodate pleas-
in issuing the permit to make the
cut across the Laguna will prescribe
The Arroyo Colorado
------------ ucu ue urougnt
into the stream it will be necessary
to provide a proper connection with
the Gulf of Mexico.
Description of Country
“The country between the Arroyo
ure craft. The present depth at
UT„ ... - -------- i,some few Places and the sharp
the amount of opening which must I work is eXTSrfdgtoVawItat
the *gaps a"d a,S° ^ ,0Cati0" °f fc WMCh
Channel Will Not Fill wouldT'dfflic^ f Se J- ' ™h ?*“-“? be
The embankments which are sels which would use a channel 1 d
thrown up on each side of the cut feet depth to pass around a bend
will, unless protection be provided, which has a sharper bend than one
be gradually worn away on the out- with a radius of curvature of 2 000
ThiS has been as ’the I Colorado. anY'theTaguna'Ma^ fe
ab“eS Zolb“w tier!? SS
which elevation they wTl Remain! ^‘"Sde ot The£“2 about1a^footl V"*
ouUee„7r?mZL^ *° °btai" * a°4T:
eria, removed will not find its way Causeway Across the Laguna ab~
~T^^iytre*S ^nTutSSat ei&stogt I Bleeding Gums Healed
into the dredged cut and occasional or a double causewav for thp nfo Foul i f
n^essT”06 Wil' thm '*** ‘° Tteriai re ' T* ?*as°i?ng ‘“behold,Til
gnn^t ss aTU1 r T Sr1 ““ ^ S*
. . , „ ■ • to be I with side slopes of 1-3. If the Pm
about two feet, although it is possi- bankments were 14 feet hie-h fb
ble that pockets of three feet might top width should be about 33 W
be encountered. The eaves in such If the height were 13 feet the width
shallow depths will not be large would be 46 feet. It would there-
enough to do much damage to even fore seem preferable to limit thp
a ,ufd bTiffT; thlTaTT”413 feet ?nd t0 place
tne roadway on one side only of
Harrel Drug Co.
would be sufficient to gradually eat
away an earthen or sandy embank-
ment, especially when recently made.
The wave action which the protec-
tion given to the embankment should
be designed to resist is, if funds are
sufficient, that which will occur at
times of occasional heavy storms
which raise the water surface of the
Laguna several feet. As far as can
be ascertained, the highest storm
level which has occurred in the part
of the Laguna which would be
crossed by the proposed channel was
ten and a half feet, while storm
tides as high as eight feet have oc-
curred several times during the re-
membrance of persons living in the
the channel. The difference of
two feet w°Bld make but
little difference m the exposure to
wash from storm waves, and this
difference would probably be bal-
anced by the decreased height of
slope the slopes being more diffi-
cult of maintenance than surfaces
which are practically horizontal.
«rnu Padre IsIand Channel
The cut across the Island may
vary appreciably from point to
point and also considerably from
time to time at the same place. It
has been considered, therefore, that
the conditions which will make the
estimate safe is to regard the land
. .. . proposed to re-
vet the outside of the embankments
against wave wash in Laguna Mad-
re, the difference between the two
routes becomes quite marked. On
,... — to go up
mil can not be steered and it is
necessary to slow down in order to
give the water of the advance wave
an opportunity to flow past. This is
the reason why large vessels can
not proceed at full speed in a canal.
They simply cannot be steered at
such speed.
“These embankments should have,
On the Highway by Big Canal
Atteberry’s Sheet Metal Works
PHONE 344
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The Mercedes News (Mercedes, Tex.), Vol. 5, No. 83, Ed. 1 Friday, September 7, 1928, newspaper, September 7, 1928; Mercedes, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth651685/m1/2/?q=waco+tornado: accessed July 16, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial Library.