National Register of Historic Places Eligibility Testing of Sites 41LT172 and 41LT354 in Luminant's Kosse Mine, Limestone, Texas Page: 86
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6. Site 41LT354
Table 14. Site 41LT354, Lithic Core Attributes
Maximum
Lot No. Material Direction Size Mass (g) Dimension (mm)
136.1 Chert Unidirectional Pebble 24.08 37.94
181.5 Metaquartzite Multidirectional Pebble 155.35 63.67
205.9 Chert Unidirectional Exhausted 24.62 28.57
210.1 Chert Multidirectional Pebble 40.89 52.42
213.3 Silicified Wood Unidirectional Pebble 14.33 47.88
221.1 Chert Multidirectional Exhausted 10.35 28.26
227.4 Metaquartzite Multidirectional Pebble 56.23 53.45
231.1 Silicified Wood Unidirectional Cobble 62.13 67.06
Debitage
The 41LT354 debitage assemblage comprises 1,810 pieces of nondiagnostic lithic debitage that
consists of 806 complete flakes, 468 broken flakes, 388 flake fragments, 145 pieces of debris, and 3
microflakes. Complete flakes and debris compose 52.5 percent of the debitage assemblage, while
broken flakes and flake fragments represent 47.3 percent of the assemblage. Microflakes represent
just 0.2 percentage of the debitage assemblage.
The vast majority of the debitage assemblage is chert, which accounts for 73 percent of the
assemblage. Metaquartzite is the next most common debitage raw material and accounts for
17.4 percent of the assemblage. The remainder of the assemblage is made up of silicified wood
(7.6 percent), quartz arenite (1.9 percent), and hematite (0.1 percent). A portion of the debitage
assemblage (16.6 percent) exhibits signs of thermal alteration. An overwhelming majority of the
thermally altered debitage specimens (93.3 percent) exhibit signs of being unintentionally heated.
These observations suggest that heat treating of lithic raw materials was not an important activity
for the site's prehistoric occupants.
Ground, Polished, and Battered Stone Tools
Eighty-two ground, polished, and battered stone tools were recovered from site 41LT354 (see
Appendix C). Many of the stones are weathered; however, based on microscopic examination and
comparison with other collections from the region (see Ellis 2010; Fischbeck 2011; Fischbeck et al.
2011; Sherman et al. 2007), the 82 tools could be assigned to 12 functional categories: pitted anvil
stone (n = 1), abrader (n = 11), mano/mano fragments (n = 16), pitted manos (n = 3),
hammerstone/mano (n = 6), muller (n = 3), polishing stone (n = 14), hide-processing stone (n = 6),
deflesher/beamer (n = 1), grinding/cutting tool (n = 1), punch (n = 1), and net weight (n = 2).
Seventeen indeterminate grinding stones were also recovered, which include either brokenPrivate and Confidential
Atkins 100021558/110187 86
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Atkins North America, Inc. National Register of Historic Places Eligibility Testing of Sites 41LT172 and 41LT354 in Luminant's Kosse Mine, Limestone, Texas, report, February 2012; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth839205/m1/95/: accessed April 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.