National Register of Historic Places Eligibility Testing of Sites 41LT172 and 41LT354 in Luminant's Kosse Mine, Limestone, Texas Page: 87
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6. Site 41LT354
fragments from larger tools or small stones that exhibited wear patterns that could not confidently
be assigned to any particular functional category (see Figure 19, Lot 207.19).
Fifty-six percent (n = 46) of the ground stone tools recovered at the site came from feature contexts,
with most (n = 32) being recovered from Feature 3 (Table 15). An additional 16 tools were
recovered from units.
Table 15. Site 41LT354 Ground Stone Tool Type by Raw Material
Hematitic Quartz Silicified
Classification Chert Sandstone Litharenite Metaquartzite Arenite Wood Total
Abrader - - - - - 11 11
Deflesher (Beamer) - - - - - 1 1
Grinding/Cutting - - - 1 - - 1
Tool
Hide-processing 3 - - - 1 2 6
Stone
Mano - - - 4 - - 4
Mano Fragment 1 - - 6 5 - 12
Hammerstone/Mano - - - 3 3 - 6
Muller - - - 2 - 1 3
Net Weight - 2 - - - - 2
Pitted Anvil Stone - - - - 1 - 1
Pitted mano - - 1 1 1 - 3
Polishing Stone - - - 13 1 - 14
Punch - - - - - 1 1
Indeterminate 6 - 1 6 3 1 17
Grinding Stone
Total 10 2 2 36 15 17 82
Recognizing the range of use-related activities associated with any particular tool can be difficult;
however, certain key attributes help to identify the different actions (or processes) and the range of
materials that produced the distinctive wear found on specific tools (see Ground Stone Methods in
Chapter 4). Examination under 10x power binocular magnification revealed the presence of eight
types of wear, with more than one type of wear usually occurring on the same tool. The observed
wear types included grinding, pecking, polishing, pitting, battering, striations, grooves, and notches
(see Appendix C).
Among the 82 ground, battered, and polished stone tools, six raw material types were found.
Metaquartizite is the most common, with 44 percent of the tools made from this material (see Table15). Interestingly, there is also a high representation of silicified wood (21 percent) and chert (12
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Atkins North America, Inc. National Register of Historic Places Eligibility Testing of Sites 41LT172 and 41LT354 in Luminant's Kosse Mine, Limestone, Texas, report, February 2012; Austin, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth839205/m1/96/: accessed April 28, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.