Rains County Leader (Emory, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 15, Ed. 1 Tuesday, September 22, 1998 Page: 18 of 29
This newspaper is part of the collection entitled: Texas Digital Newspaper Program and was provided to The Portal to Texas History by the Rains County Library.
Extracted Text
The following text was automatically extracted from the image on this page using optical character recognition software:
■* * * %' .
• *99**
-* j *.*:.* : .
• - - - - - T • * ; ; ; . .
H!] trains Countj) Leader Tuesday, September 22,1998
3
3s
County
Agent’s
Notes
Kenneth Neinast
ARMYWORM ALERT
Armywornis have been a serious
problem in pastures the last month
following recent rains in East
Texas. Although much of District 4
remains dry to-date, experience in
East Texas suggests September
rains in north Texas may also be
followed by armyworm outbreaks
in pastures, hayfields and later in
small grains. Growers are encour-
aged to monitor pastures and hay-
fields for armyworms following
rain Vigorous, dense pastures and
hay are often especially attractive to
armyworms,
The key to effective control of
armyworms is to detect and control
infestations before they have
caused economic damage. Anny-
worms are very small when they
first hatch from eggs, and during
the first ten days of feeding, do not
consume very much foliage How-
ever, once they reach an inch or
more in length, (hey eat up to 809!
of their total food intake during
their last 6-7 days of development
As a result, pastures and hayfields
can be consumed almost overnight.
Also, smaller worms are easier to
control with insecticides, making
early detection important.
The adult stage of the armyworm
is a moth which migrates north
from south Texas each summer. The
moths are only active at night when
they deposit masses of eggs on
grass blades. During drought, many
of the eggs and young armyworms
apparently die. However, rain and
higher humidity favor egg hatch
and survival of young larvae. Also,
armyworm moths may concentrate
their egg-laying in tields which
have recently received rains, thus
ensuring a succulent food source
for their offspring.
If armyworms are found, deter-
mine if sufficient numbers are pres-
ent in the pasture or hayficld to jus
tify the cost of an insecticide treat-
ment. Look closely for armywornis
on the soil, at the base of plants and
on plants, and count the number
present in a square foot area.
Examine several locations in the
field and determine the average
number of armyworms per square
foot. If more than three small army-
worms are present per square foot,
an insecticide treatment should be
considered to prevent economic
damage.
Sevin 80 WSP. Sevin XLR,
Malathion 57 EC, Lannate, Penn-
cap M and several products con-
taining Bt are labeled for army-
worm control in pastures All of
these products have different
restrictions on how soon after appli
cation the pasture or hay can be
grazed or harvested. Following
application of Sevin, growers must
wait 14 days before harvesting or
grazing treatod fields. This restric-
tion is the same regardless of appli
cation by air or ground. The restric-
tions for Lannate are seven days
before grazing and four days before
harvest of dehydrated hay. The
waiting period for both grazing and
harvesting following treatment with
Penncap M is 14 days. There are no
restrictions on grazing or harvesting
following treatment with malathion
or Bt products such as Dipel.
Armyworm refers to two differ-
ent species of insect, the true army-
worm and the fall armyworm. Both
cause similar damage and control
practices in pastures and hayfields
are the same. The adult fall army-
worm has a wingspan about 1.5
inches. The front wings are dark
gray and mottled with lighter and
darker splotches. Eggs are very
small, gray in color and deposited
on leaves in large masses covered
with gray, fuzzy scales from the
body of the female moth. TTie full
grown larvae is 1-1/4 to 1-1/2 inch-
es long, and varies in color from
light tan or green to nearly black.
Four black spots are present on each
segment of the larva. A pale line
runs down the front of the larva’s
head between the eyes, creating an
inverted “Y” pattern
The true armyworm moth is the
same size as the fall armyworm
adult but has uniformly grayish
brown forewings, each with a tiny
silver dot near the center. Eggs are
very small and deposited in rows
along leaf blades. The lull grown
larvae is also 11/4 to 1-1/2 inches
long but is yellowish or brownish
green. The body is smooth, hairless
and marked with three longitudinal
dark stripes. Mature larvae of both
species tunnel into the soil to
pupate. There are several genera-
tions per season.
Egg mass
Larva
Egg
(top)
Egg
(side)
mm?
Larval
head
capsule
Pupa
Adults
Adult—The moth has a wing-
span of about 38.5 mm. The hind
wings are grayish white; the Iron!
wings are dark gray, mottled with
lighter and darker splotches. Each
forewing has a noticeable whitish
spot near the extreme tip.
Egg—Minute, light gray eggs are
laid in clusters and covered with
grayish, fuzzy scales from the body
of the female moth. The eggs
become very dark just before hatch-
ing.
Larva—About 30 to 40 mm
long, the lull-grown larva varies in
color from light tan or green to
nearly black. Along each side of its
body is a longitudinal, pitch-col-
ored stripe and down the back is a
wider yellowish-gray stripe. Unlike
the true armyworm, the head of the
fall armyworm is often marked with
a pale, but distinct, inverted “Y,”
Pupa—The pupa, approximately
13 mm long, is originally reddish
brown and darkens to black as it
matures.
IV
/ \
A
HAPPY 16th
LIL BROTHER!
Love ya,
Dana & Brandi
■ c \
n# ...
★ ★FOUR STARS★★
Travel Trailer Doors........$50.00 e*.
#2 SC Wood Doors................$20 to $25 ea.
#2 HC Doors.....................$10 to S12 ea.
Pre-Formed Cabinet Top................$3.85 ft.
1x12x12 P.B. Shelving..................$4.00 ea.
4x8 1/8” Pre-Finished Paneling..........$5.00 ea.
1-gal. Interior Latex Paint..............$4.00 ea.
4 STAR SALES
Hwy. 69 South 3 Mi. 1-30 (Lone Oak, Emory Hwy.)
903-450-0656
Monday- Saturday 7 a.m. - 5:30 p.m.
Sulphur Springs
Livestock
Commission Auction
The following is the report of the
Sulphur Springs Livestock Com-
mission’s auction held Sept. 14,
1998:
Estimated receipts on 1,902 head,
compared with 1,423 head last sale.
STEERS
Under 300 lbs.........$65-105
300-400 lbs............$60-95
400-500 lbs............$55-84
500 lbs. & up..........$50-75
HEIFERS
Under 300 lbs..........$55-90
300-400 lbs..........$55-77.50
400-500 lbs............$54-72
500 lbs. & up........$47.50-72
Elizabeth Barfield
Rains County Extension Agent
Family & Consumer Sciences
SLAUGHTER
Packer cows.........$22.50-36
Packer bulls...........$40-48
OTHERS
Stocker cows........$30-42.50
Cow/calf pairs........$400-540
Baby calves...........$2-125
Horse trailers
by Carolyn Cardinale
A horse trailer needs to be safe
and easy to haul I prefer a step-up
rather than a ramp. I have found a
horse can easily step into a trailer as
well as hack out, and sometimes
with a ramp he steps off on the side.
Also, a ramp can be very slippery.
The most common fault I find is
putting down the ramp when the
ground is uneven. The horse looses
his balance as he is backing out.
Sometimes the ramp will not close
and is heavy. Some of them have
springs, but when they are not
working the ramp is very heavy.
Most ramps close right up against
the back doors. You are more likely
to have rust there.
I prefer a gooseneck to a pull
trailer because they are safer and
easier to pull. With the ball closer to
the front of the towing vehicle, the
balance is more stable. The turning
radius of the gooseneck is shorter
than for a bumper-pull trailer. You
can turn a long gooseneck in a
smaller space than you can a pull
trailer. Whichever you choose,
make sure you have enough towing
capacity. It makes towing easier and
the ride better.
Always use at least two axles.
The rubber-torsion bar axles are
better as far as maintenance and
ride.
If you have a wood floor be sure
to clean the trailer after each use.
Use a water sealer on the wood and
check it often to sec if there is any
rotting. Always use rubber mats
over the wood floors so they will
protect the wood and help cushion
the ride In the summer, if you are
not using your trailer as much, take
the rubber mats out. I always use
shavings on top of the rubber mats
to prevent slipping, and it makes it
easier to clean.
Steel trailers are heavier than alu
nunum, which cuts down on your
fuel economy. This means you need
more towing capacity than if you
were pulling an aluminum trailer,
but aluminum trailers usually cost
more Aluminum trailers are ahoul
half to two-thirds the weight of
steel, and they don’t rust.
A lighter colored trailer is best in
the summer because a dark color is
very hot. Black, navy and brown
attracts the sun, and the heat builds
in the trailer Therefore, the horse-
gets hotter. A breakaway break sys-
tem, required by law in some states,
is a wonderful safety system you
should not be without.
If you are thinking of buying an
older trailer, look carefully for rust
spots Rust can cause big problems
with wiring, floorboards, etc Check
the back doors to be sure they close
properly and for your horses sake,
make sure the trailer is tall enough
so he doesn’t feel he is in a tomb
A hay net tied in a trailer is ask
ing for an accident. If you must feed
your horse during transport, put the
hay in the manger Be sure to clean
it out when you get home because
hay and grain will cause rust, espe
daily if it gets wet It only takes a
few minutes to clean the floor and
the rest of the trailer after each trip,
and then you are ready to go again
If you can wax your steel trailer
every summer the paint will last a
lot longer, and if you can store your
steel trailer under a carport or cover,
your trailer will stay in like-new
condition.
Trailenng your horse can be lots
of fun if you take the same care of
your trailer as you do your towing
vehicle.
NINE STEPS TO MORE
EFFECTIVE PARENTING
Raising children is one of the
toughest and most fulfilling jobs in
the world—and the one for which
you may feel the least prepared.
Here are some ways to tackle your
child-rearing responsibilities that
will help you feel more fulfilled as
a parent, and enjoy your children
more, too.
Nurture your child’s self-esteem.
Children start developing their
sense of self as babies when they
see themselves through your eyes.
Your tone of voice, your body lan-
guage. and your every expression
are absorbed by your child. Your
words and actions as parents affect
your child’s developing self-image
more than anything else in his
world. Consequently, praising your
child for his accomplishments,
however small, will make him feel
pmud; letting him do things for
himself will make him feel capable
and independent. By contrast, belit-
tling your child or comparing him
unfavorably to another child will
make him feel worthless.
Avoid making loaded statements
or using words as weapons: “What
a stupid thing to do!” or “You act
more like a baby than your little
brother!” Comments like these
bruise the inside of a child as much
as blows would the outside. Choose
your words carefully and be com-
passionate. Let your child know
that everyone makes mistakes and
that you still love him, even when
you don’t love his behavior.
Catch your child being good.
Have you ever stopped to think
about how many times you react
negatively to your child in a given
day? You may find that you are crit-
icizing far more than you are com-
plimenting. How would you feel
about a boss who treated you with
that much negative guidance, even
if well-intentioned?
The more effective approach is to
catch your child doing something
right, and praise him to the skies:
“You made your bed without being
asked - that's terrific!” or “I was
watching you play with your sister
and you were very patient.” These
statements will do more to encour-
age good behavior over the long run
than repeated scoldings. Make a
point of finding someth- ng to praise
every day. Be generous with
rewards—your love, hugs, and
compliments can work wonders and
are often reward enough. Soon you
will find you are “growing” more of
the behavior you would like to see.
Set limits and be consistent with
your discipline.
Discipline is necessary in every
household. The goal of discipline is
to help children choose acceptable
behaviors and learn self-control.
Children may test the limits you
establish for them, hut they need
those limits to grow into responsi-
ble adults. Establishing house rules
will help children understand your
expectations and develop self-con-
trol. Some house rules might
include: no TV until homework is
done, and no hitting, name-calling,
or hurtful teasing is allowed.
Make time for your children
With so many demands on your
time, it's often difficult for parents
and children to get together for a
family meal, let alone spend some
quality lime together. But there is
probably nothing your child would
like more.
Get up ten minutes earlier in the
morning so you can eat breakfast
with your child, or leave the dishes
in the sink and take a walk after din-
ner. Children who are not getting
the attention they want from their
parents often act out or misbehave
because they are assured of being
noticed.
Many parents find it mutually
rewarding to have prcschcduled
time with their child on a regular
basis For instance, tell your child
dial Tuesday is his special night
with Mommy, and let him help
decide how you will spend your
time together. Look for other ways
to connect with your child - put a
note or something special in his
lunchbox.
Adolescents seem to need less
undivided attention from their par-
ents than younger children. Since
there are fewer windows of oppor-
tunity for parents and teens to get
together, parents should do their
best to be available when their teen
does express a desire to talk or par-
ticipate in family activities. Attend-
ing concerts, games, and other
events with them communicates
caring and lets you get to know
about them and their friends in
important ways
CALL 473-2211 FOR ALL
AUTOMOBILE REPAIR
EDDIE JONES’
GARAGE
Hwy. 69 South, Box 413, Emory, TX
Don’t feel guilty if you’re a
working parent. Quantity is not
nearly as important as what you do
with the bits and pieces of time you
have with your child. It is the many
little things you do together—mak-
ing popcorn, playing cards, window
shopping—that your child will
remember.
Be a good role model.
Young children learn a great deal
about how to act by watching you.
The younger they are, the more
cues they take from you Before
you lash out or blow your top in
front of your child, think about this:
is that how you want him to behave
when he’s angry? Be constantly
aware that you are being observed
by your children. Studies have
shown that children who hit usually
have a role model for aggression at
home.
Model the traits you wish to cul-
tivate in your child respect, friend
liness, honesty, kindness. Exhibit
unselfish behavior. Do things lor
other people without expecting a
reward Express thanks and offer
compliments. Above all, treat your
children the way you expect other
people to treat you.
Make communication a priority.
You can’t expect children to do
everything simply because you, as
parents, “say so.” Children want
and deserve explanations as much
as adults do. If we don’t take time to
explain, children will begin to won-
der about our values and motives
and whether they have any basis.
Parents who reason with their chil-
dren allow them to understand and
learn in a non-judgmental way.
Make your expectations clear. If
there is a problem, describe it to
your older child, express your feel-
ings about it, and invite your child
to work on a solution with you. Be
sure to include consequences. Make
suggestions and offer choices. Be
open to your child’s suggestions as
well. Negotiate with him. Children
who participate in decisions are
more motivated to carry them out.
Be flexible and willing to adjust
your parenting style.
If you frequently feel “let down”
by your child’s behavior, it may be
because you have unrealistic expec-
tations for him. Parents who think
in “shoulds,” (for example, “He
should be potty-trained by now”)
may find it helpful to do more read-
ing on the matter or talk to other
parents or child development spe-
cialists.
Your child's environment has an
impact on his behavior, and you
may be able to modify his behavior
by changing his environment. If
you find yourself constantly saying
“No” to your two-year-old, look for
ways to restructure his surround-
ings so that fewer things arc off-
limits. This will cause less frustra-
tion for both of you.
As your child changes, you will
gradually have to change your par-
enting style. Chances are, what
works with your child now won’t
work as well in a year or two.
Teenagers tend to look less to
their parents and more to their peers
for role models. Continue to pro-
vide guidance, encouragement, and
appropriate discipline while allow-
ing your child to earn more inde-
pendence. And seize every avail-
able moment to make a connection!
Show that your love is uncondi-
tional.
As a parent, you are responsible
for correcting and guiding your
child. But how you express your
corrective guidance makes all the
difference in how your child
receives it. When you have to con-
front your child, avoid blaming,
criticizing, or faultfinding, which
undermine self-esteem and can lead
to resentment. Instead, strive to nur-
ture and encourage even when you
arc disciplining your child. Make
sure he knows that while you want
and expect him to do better next
time, you love him no matter what.
Be aware of your own needs and
limitations as a parent.
Face it—you are an imperfect
parent. You have strengths and
weaknesses as a family leader.
Recognize your abilities—“I am
loving and dedicated.” Vow to work
on your weaknesses—“I need to be
more consistent with discipline.”
Try to have realistic expectations
for yourself, your spouse, and your
children. You don’t have to have all
the answers—he forgiving of your-
self. And try to make parenting a
manageable job. Focus on the areas
that need the most attention rather
than trying to address everything all
at once. Admit it when you’re
burned out. Take time out from par-
enting to do things that will make
you happy as a person (or as a cou-
ple). Focusing on your needs does
not make you selfish. It simply
means you care about your own
well-being, which is another impor-
tant value to model for your chil-
dren.
The information herein is for educational
purposes only References to commercial
products or trade names is made with the un-
derstanding that no discrimination is intend-
ed or no endorsement by the Cooperative
Extension Service is implied. Extension pro-
grams serve people of all ages regardless of
socioeconomic level, race, color, sex, reli-
gion. disability or national origin. The Texas
A&M University System. U S Department of
Agriculture, and the County Commissioners
Courts of Texas Cooperating.
.8ACK-T0-SCH001,
SPECIAL i
Pigs in a
blanket
37*1.00
Kizer’s Donuts
Off Highway 19
934 Main St.
Sulphur Springs, TX
885-6778
CoNqRATulATioNs Bryan AncJerson,
HaIUvULe Raceway 1998 TracIl Champion!
Good Luck at Tbs NHRA Division 4 FinAls
A&R COLLISION CENTER
Wilson - O
Funeral Home
Highway 19 North
Phone (903) 473-3545
or (903) 473-2863
“We
Honor
All Burial
Policies
ROBERT & NANCY WILSON
EUGENE & JEFF ORWOSKY
Upcoming Pages
Here’s what’s next.
Search Inside
This issue can be searched. Note: Results may vary based on the legibility of text within the document.
Matching Search Results
View four places within this issue that match your search.Tools / Downloads
Get a copy of this page or view the extracted text.
Citing and Sharing
Basic information for referencing this web page. We also provide extended guidance on usage rights, references, copying or embedding.
Reference the current page of this Newspaper.
Hill, Earl Clyde, Jr. Rains County Leader (Emory, Tex.), Vol. 111, No. 15, Ed. 1 Tuesday, September 22, 1998, newspaper, September 22, 1998; Emory, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth765895/m1/18/?q=war: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Rains County Library.