The Pharr Press (Pharr, Tex.), Vol. [47], No. [9], Ed. 1 Thursday, February 28, 1980 Page: 2 of 11
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Extension Agent report
by Ricardo Salvador
Page 4A, The Pharr PRess, February 28,1980
Citrus red mite identified in Valley
According to research results sorghum
growers should plant as early in t^e
season as possible in order to avoid
damage late in the season by the sorghum
midge. According to “Insect and Mite
Pests of Grain Sorghum-Management
Approaches'* (available from the County
Extension Service) the sorghum midge is
one of the most damaging insects of grain
sorghum in Texas. The adult sorghum
midge is a tiny, fragile-looking,
orange-colored fly. Damage to sorghum
begins when female midge lay eggs in
spikelets of flowering sorghum heads.
Each female may deposity from 50 to 250
timy, yellowish-white eggs during her
short lifetime of 24 to 48 hours. A
pinkish-orange maggot hatches from the
egg and feeds on the developing seed.
“Blasted'’ heads result from maggot
feeding damage as seeds fail to develop.
The sorghum and midge control
requires the successful integration of
seyeral activities that adversely affect
midge population density and their
potential to cause crop damage. Planting
hybrids of uniform maturity early enough
to avoid late heading is strongly
recommended. This practice allows
sorghum to complete flowering prior to
buildup of high midge densities.
These practices tend to provide
for uniform heading and flowering in a
Held are also important in midge control
and in making decisions concerning the
need for insecticide applications. The
elimination of Johnsongrass by cultivation
and or herbicide applications will also help
suppress midge abundance in the
immediate area of the sorghum field. (This
is because Johnsongrass is a host to midge
during the offseason). t
W determine the need for insecticide
control, an assessment of crop
development, yield potential and midge
density is requied. Daily evalutation of
these factores is encourgaed during
periods of usual midge activity. The
estimated latest flowering date for
sorghum most likely to escape significant
midge damage for this area is May 1. This
■......8UMARIO " |r'n-
De acuerdo con los resultados mas
recientes de investigacion, los pro-
ductores de sorgo deben sembrar lo mas
temprano poaible nara evitar los estragos
causados durani la ultima etapa de la
temporrada por el mosquito de sorgo
(Sorghum Midge). De acuerdo con la
publication Insect and Mite Pests of Grain
Sorghum-management Approaches (el
cual se pueded obtener de la oficina del
SErvicio de Extension Agricola) el
mosquito de sorgo es uno de los insectos
mas daninos para el sorgo en Texa. El
mosquito adulto es un insecto pequeno de
aparencia fragil y color anarajado. El ano
al sorgo comienza cuando la mosca hembra
deposita sus huevecillos en las espigas del
sorgo floreciente. Cada hembra puede
depositar desde 50 hasta 250 pequenos
huevecillos, de color blanco-amarillento,
duratne su corta vida de 24 a 48 horas. Un
gusanillo de color rosa-anaranjado sale del
cascron y se aliment con la semilla tierna.
Las espigas arruinadas resultan bntonces
del dano que causan los gusanos al
alimentarse con las semillas, las cuales
nunca llegan a desarroilarse.
El control efectivo del mosquito del
sorgo require que se integren
efectivamente varias de las acfividades
que afectan de manera adverse la
densidad de la habiancia del mosquito y su
posible dano al cultivo. La siembra de un
hibrido que posea uniformidad de
madurez temprano para evitar el
forecimiento tardio es una practice muy
recomendada. Esta practice per mite que
el sorgo termine de florecer antes de que
se acumulen grandes densidades de
mosquitos.
Lais practicas culturales que tienden a
proveer el fiorecimiento uniforme en un
campo tambien son importantes para el
control de mosquito y para toma
detisiones referentes a la necesidad de la
aplicacion de insecticidas. La elimination
del Johnsongrass por medico del cultivo y
los herbitidas tambien auxiliarar al
acliminacion de una abundancia de
mosquito en el area inmediata al campo de
sorgo. (Esto se debe a que el
Johnsongrass sirve de huesped para el
mosquito mientras que no hay sorgo
cultivado).
Para determinar la necesidad del
control a base de insecticidas, se necesita
un asesoramineto del desarrollo del
cultivo, el rendimiento posible y la
cantidad de mosquitos. El avaluo diario de
estos factores se recomienda durante los
periodos de actividad de este mosquito. La
fecha mas tardia en la cual el sorgo
floreciente puede aun e sea par danos
mayores a causa del mosquito para esta
region es el primero de Mayo. Esto
signifies que la fecha meta para haber
means that the target date for having
sorghum is the groun is March 10.
Those sorghum producers who grow the
plant under dryland conditions are
especially susceptible to Charcoal Rot.
This diesease causes shredded stalk
interior near ground level, poor sedd
development and stalk lodging. Infection
by the fungus is likely when drought
stress occurs near heading. In order to
avoid drough stress as much as possible,
dryland sorghum producers should avoid
high plant populations, and this should
control the incidence of charcoal rot.
Corn may be planted a little earlier than
sorghum in most cases because corn
seedlings usually recover well from light
frosts should one strike the area during
this time. The delay in development of the
corn plant is slight compared to yield
losses from delaying planting until the risk
of frost is over.
The size and shape of the seeds and the
plant population desired affect the
seeding rate. Most seed companies
specify the optimum planting rate to use
when growing the crop for grain or silage.
When selecting the varieties to plant,
producers should keep in mind that result
demostrations in the valley indicate that
medium maturity hybirds are less able to
compesate for low plant populations than
others.
All persons limited resources desiring
assistance in completing there income tax
short form 1040 are welcome to call on
volunteers from the Hidalgo County
Family Living committee. Since last Feb.
25 until April 15 these volunteers will be
helping people complete these forms
Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00
p.m. These are some of the volunteers and
their locations: Iris Lara at Villa de la
Esperanza, 100 W. Polk (781-1891), Sylvia
Perez at Park View Terrace, 211 Audrey (
(787-1822) and Jose Hernandez at Sunset
Terrace, 920 W. Villegas (781-9401)..If you
desire more infomation you should contact
mrs. Berta Sandoval, 781-1271, chairman
of the committee.
sembrado el sorgo seria el 10 de Marzo.
Aquellos productores de sorgo quienes
siembran y cultivan la planta en
condiciones de temporal deben saber que
son especialmente vunlerables al Charcoal
Rot. Esta enfermedad causa que se pudra
el interior de la cana del sorgo cerca del
niyel del suelo, que haya poco desarrollo
de la semilla y que se deoblen o se
quiebren las canas. Esta enfemedad es
causada por la infection de un hongo,
especialmente cuando hay sequia durante
el tiempo cuando la planta saca la espiga.
Para poder evitar tanto dano como sea
posible causado por sequia, los
productores de temporal deben evitar la
siembra de altas densidades de sorgo, lo
cual permitira que la poca humddad
disponible se distribuy mejor entre las
plantas, y evitara danos mayores a causa
del charcoal v rot.
El Maiz se puede sembrar por lo
general un poco mas temprano que el
sorgo porque esta planta puede
recuperarse en la mayoria de los casos de
una escasa escarcha si es que sufrieramos
una durante esta temporada del ano. La
demora en el desarroll de la planta es poca
cuando se compara a la perdiad de
rendimiento debida al tiempo perdido por
esperar hasta que todo peligro de helada
haya pasado.
El tamano y la forma de las semillas y la
cantidad de plantas deseadas afectan la
cantidad de semilla sembrada. La mayoria
de las companias de de semilla especifican
, las cantidades indicadas para el cultivo del
maiz para el grano o para el ensilaje. Al
selccionar las variedades para sembrar,
los productores seven recordar y tener
pre sente que los resultados de
demostraciones en el Valle indican que los
hibridos de madurez mediand poseen
me nor habilidad para compensar por bajas
habitancias de plantas que las demas.
Toda pesona de recursos limitados que
desee ayuda para rellenar su forma de
impusetos 1040 a est invitada para
consultr con varias personas que
prestaran sus servicios voluntariamente
con este proposito, de parte del Comite de
Vida Familiar del Condado de Hidalgo.
Desde el pasaso dis 25 hasta el 15 de Abril
esta personas estaran ayudando a
com pie tar estas formas de Lunes a
Viernes, 8:00 a.m. a 5:00 p.m. Las
siguientes son algunas de estas perosnas y
el lugar en doned se podran encontrar:
Iris Lara en Villa de la Esperanza, 100 W.
Polk. (781-1891), Sylvia Perez en Park
View Terrace, 211 Audrey (787-1822) y
Jose Hernandez en Sunset Terrace, 920
W. Villegas (781-9401). Si desea Ud. mas
information con la Sra. Berta Sandoval,
781-1271, quien es presidents del comite.
By House
Crop insurance passes
The citrus red mite.
Panonychus citri (McGregor), a
potentially damaging pest, has
been identified on citrus in the
Lower Rio Grande Valley.
Entomologists Edward Hutch-
inson of Harlingen and Dr. J.
Victor French of Texas A&I
University Citrus Center
found moderately heavy infes-
tations in several isolated
grapefruit and orange orchards
in northwestern Cameron
county. 1
The red mite was picked up
in routine orchard pest
surveys. The egg stage of the
red mite has distinguising
characteristics which make
field identification fairly cer-
tain.
Dr. French and Mr. Jimmy
Lockler, Plant Protection and
Quarantine Officer in Harlin-
gen, submitted specimens for
species verification to the
Insect Identification and
Beneficial Insect Introduction
Institute, Beltsville, Maryland
and to the Systematic
Entomology Division, USDA
National Museum, Washing-
ton, D.C. Mr. Robert L. Smiley
and Dr. Edward W. Baker mite
taxonomists confirmed the
identification.
It is difficult to know how
long the citrus red mite
infestations had gone unde-
tected in these orchards.
Buildup was undoubtedly aided
by this year's mild and dry
winter.
Red mites feed principally
on leaves but will attack young
twigs and fruit. Their feeding
causes silvering and scarring of
foliage and occasionally of fruit.
Heavy infestations cause leaf
drop and twig die back.
In some orchards, where red
r tes were found, trees were
partially defoliated. Since
Texas citrus mite, Eutetrany-
chus banks! McG., was also
present defoliation could have
resulted from combined feed-
ing of the two species. French
reported that the leaves often
supported Texas citrus mites
on the upper surface and red
mites predominated on the
underside. “There appeared
Texas Citrus Mutual (TCM)
officals have received word
direct from Washington that
the Federal Crop Insurance
Bill has passed the House 202
to 140.
Texas Citrus Mutual was
instrumental through Con-
gressman Kika De La Garza, in
having language placed in the
Bill which would all the federal
Cro- Insurance Corporation to
develop a program for insuring
citrus trees.
TCM President Dave Hard-
ison said, “We are elated over
the news that the Bill passed.
This program will be a great
shot-in-the-arm for our
growers. Now the grower will
be able to insure not only his
crop, but more importantly his
producing unit, the tree.”
“With the Senate having
passed a slightly different Bill,
a Conference Committee will
be assembled to work out the
differences, but we are sure
our language will remain,” said
Mike Wallace, TCM executive
vice president.
“If everything goes smooth-
ly, a program should be
available to the growers by
next year,” he said.
support,. JW,
MAgsgyB
AGRICULTUR1
: AGRICULTURE-
= AGRICULTURE
to be competition for feeding
sites between the two
species". French said.
“There were limited num-
bers of red mite on the fruit of
both grapefruit and oranges,
but fruit damage was not
apparent. Of the citrus
varieties found infested, the
order of preference appears to
be grapefruit, Joppa and
Valencia orange. This could
change as more orchards are
checked and more infestations
found.”
The red mite, often called
“red spider" or “purple mite",
has been an established citrus
pest in Florida and California
since before 1900. The first
infestations in Arizona were
discovered in 1967. The mite’s
body is purplish-red, oval
shaped, and has numerous
white bristles which arise from
pronounced tubercles. Mature
red mites have four pairs of
long legs. Like the Texas
citrus mite, the red mite can
be seen on fruit and foliage
without the aid of a hand lens.
Red mite eggs are distin-
guished from other mite eggs
by their red color, a vertical
stalk arising from the center,
and their “onion shape". From
the top of the stalk numerous
fine “guy fibers" radiate to the
surface to which the eggs are
attached. The majority of eggs
are deposited along the midrib
on the top and bottom of citrus
leaves.
Delimiting surveys are
underway to learn the extent
of the red mite infestation.
With respect to control French
points out that-“controls cur-
rently used for Texas citrus
mite should work. Citrus spray
oil is very effective."
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Nelson, Charles. The Pharr Press (Pharr, Tex.), Vol. [47], No. [9], Ed. 1 Thursday, February 28, 1980, newspaper, February 28, 1980; Pharr, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth861715/m1/2/?q=hamilton+county: accessed July 17, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting Pharr Memorial Library.